Application of Health

Believe Model on patient

with Heart Failure
Lifestyle Modification in Chronic illness
Dr. Hanem Mohamed

ManarAlnajdi 421230608
Mariam Aldakhil 421210643
Jwahir Almutairi 411210604
Haifa Alanazi 421210675
Objectives

o Identify HBM
o Explain HF, causes and risk factors, complications
o Discuss the application of HBM on HF
o Clarify the nursing role
Outlines

01 02 03
Definition of HBM Definition of HF Causes and risk
factors of HF,
complications

04 05 06
Application of HBM Nursing role Conclusion
on HF
 01

Health Believe Model

(HBM)
 Health Believe Model

theoretical model that can be used to guide health promotion

and disease prevention programs. It is used to explain and

.predict individual changes in health behaviors

 Health Believe Model
Perception of heart failure:

- Perceived Susceptibility: Patients' perception of their own susceptibility to heart failure and its
complications.

Examples:

1- Education on risk factors:

- Patients with heart failure can be educated about the various risk factors associated with
the development or worsening of heart failure,
E.g : hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and lifestyle choices like smoking.

- After understanding these factors, patients may perceive a higher susceptibility to heart failure and
be motivated to make necessary lifestyle changes.
 Health Believe Model

2- Personalized risk assessment:

- Healthcare providers can conduct personalized risk assessments for patients with heart
failure, taking into account their medical history, family history, and current health
status.

- This assessment can help patients understand their individual susceptibility to

complications or disease progression, leading to improved self-management behaviors.
 Health Believe Model
Perceived Severity: patients’ perception of the seriousness and impact of heart failure on their health and daily life.

- Education about symptoms :

Healthcare providers can educate patients about the potential consequences of uncontrolled
heart failure, such as increased hospitalizations, reduced quality of life, and increased
mortality.

This can help patients perceive the severity of their condition and motivate them to adhere to treatment plans.
 Health Believe Model
Modifying Factors:

1 - Demographics Factors : age, gender, and socioeconomic status can influence perceptions.

- Age :

Healthcare providers can consider the patient's age when developing educational
.materials and interventions

E.g :older patients may benefit from simpler language and

visual aids to enhance their understanding of heart failure
.management
 Health Believe Model
– Gender :
Recognizing potential gender differences in health beliefs and behaviors can help tailor
interventions
E.g : women with heart failure may face unique challenges related to
hormonal changes and caregiving responsibilities

- Cultural background:

Understanding cultural beliefs and practices is crucial for effective -

.communication and patient engagement

Healthcare providers can incorporate culturally appropriate examples and language when -
discussing heart failure management
 Health Believe Model
Modifying Factors:

structural variables : Patients' past experiences with heart failure or other cardiovascular -2
.conditions can shape their beliefs and behaviors

– Accessibility :

Addressing structural barriers to healthcare, such as transportation issues or proximity to

.healthcare facilities, is essential

Providers can collaborate with community resources to ensure patients

.have access to necessary medical care and support services
 Health Believe Model
Modifying Factors:

- Health Literacy:

Assessing patients' health literacy levels allows healthcare providers to adapt educational -
.materials and communication strategies accordingly

Using plain language, visual aids, and involving family members or interpreters can -
.enhance comprehension and engagement
 Health Believe Model
Modifying Factors:

Socioeconomic variables: The influence of family, friends, and healthcare professionals in shaping -3
.patients' beliefs and behaviors

- Social Support:

Encouraging patients to involve family members or close friends in their care can provide
.emotional support and enhance treatment adherence
 Heath Believe Model
Likelihood of action :

1- Perceived Benefits: Patients' assessment of the potential benefits of taking action to manage
heart failure, such as improved symptoms, quality of life, and overall health.

- Education about treatment benefits:

- Patients can be educated about the benefits of adhering to their treatment plans, such as
improved symptoms, better quality of life, and reduced risk of complications.
 Heath Believe Model
Likelihood of action :

2- Perceived Barriers: Patients' recognition of the obstacles or challenges that may hinder their
ability to take action, such as medication side effects, lifestyle modifications, or financial
constraints.
Addressing treatment misconceptions: Patients may have misconceptions or
concerns about their treatment plans. Healthcare providers can address these
barriers by providing accurate information, addressing concerns, and
.clarifying any misunderstandings
 Heath Believe Model
Likelihood of action :

3 - Self-efficacy:

Patients' belief in their own ability to successfully engage in behaviors to manage heart failure.

Skills training :
Patients can benefit from skills training to enhance their self-efficacy in managing heart failure.
This can include education on monitoring symptoms, dietary modifications, and exercise
programs.
 Heath Believe Model
Likelihood of action :

4- Cues to Action:

Triggers or reminders that prompt patients to take action, such as experiencing worsening
symptoms, healthcare provider recommendations, or educational campaigns.

1- Reminders and prompts

Healthcare providers can utilize reminders and prompts to help patients -

remember to engage in self-care behaviors. This can include appointment
.reminders, medication reminders, and regular follow-up visits
 Heath Believe Model
Likelihood of action :

:Support from healthcare team -2

Regular communication and support from healthcare providers can serve as

cues to action for patients to stay engaged in their heart failure management.
This can involve phone calls, text messages, or patient portals for secure
.messaging
 02

Heart Failure (HF)

 Heart Failure
Heart failure means that the heart is unable
to pump blood around the body properly, it
usually happens because the heart has
become too weak or stiff.
 Causes and risk factors of HF

Risk factors Causes

• Aging: people over 65
• Gender: more common in women
• Family history: genetics may also play a role
• Unhealthy lifestyle habits: such as unhealthy
diet, smoking, alcohol
• Chronic heart failure is often caused by other
medical conditions that damage or overwork your
heart
• Acute heart failure can be caused by an injury
or infection that damages the heart, heart attack,
or blood clot in lung
 Complications
How it will affect patient life?

• Arrhythmia
• Blood clots: which can lead to pulmonary embolism or stroke
• Impaired kidney function or liver function
• Muscle wasting ( loss of muscle tissue throughout the body)
• Pulmonary edema
• Respiratory distress
Application of the Health Believe Model
Modifying Factors Perceived Benefits
Age 65 If I eat healthy and lose weight, my
Female chance of getting heart failure will
Likelihood
be lower. of making an effort to lose
Weight gain
weight, maintain a healthy
Single Perceived Barriers weight, and change the
Lifestyle unhealthy I don't have anyone to support me
lifestyle to a healthy one.
Black women to help me change my lifestyle and
lower income lose weight.

Perceived Threat
Since my mother has it and I
Perceived have risk factors, I am afraid of Self-Efficacy
Susceptibility getting it. Confidence in the ability
My mother suffering to continue with weight
from heart failure, so loss and lifestyle change
maybe I will get it. programs.
Cues to Action
Perceived
Seeing my mother suffering from
Seriousness illness and taking advice from a
Having heart failure doctor
could lead to death.
Nursing role
 1 2 Patient education
Assessment and monitoring
 Monitoring vital signs, including oxygen  Provide smoking and Alcohol
saturation, Bp, RR.
 Do exercises
 Monitoring the heart rate and rhythm.
 Assessment and monitoring for signs and
 Eat healthy foods
symptoms like: shortness of breath, rapid and  Maintain perfect weight
irregular heartbeat, swelling.  Reduce and manage stress
 Require daily weight monitoring.
 Take medications as order
 Monitor and management any complications
such as: sever shortness of breath, sudden,
severe chest pain.
 3 Care planning
 Improve myocardial contractility and perfusion: Enhance heart’s
pumping function to ensure adequate blood flow to organs.
 Manage fluid volume: Monitor fluid balance, assess for signs of
retention, administer diuretics , monitor weight, and promote adherence
to a low-sodium diet.
 Prevent complications. Monitor and manage complications such as
pulmonary edema, arrhythmias.
 Promote activity tolerance. Encourage 30 minutes of daily physical
activity , collaborate on a schedule, and prioritize activities.
 Provide disease information and prevention education.
 Apply health belief model with Heart failure
 Originally developed in the 1950s by two social psychologists Godfrey H.
Hochbaum and Irwin M. Rosenstock. The two psychologists were working in
the U.S. Public Health Service and, with the help of other social scientists,
developed the Health Belief Model to explain that people were failing to
participate in programs that could help prevent and detect their diseases.

• Perceived severity:Research on the negative repercussions of obesity or

overweight and its risks for the patient with heart failure contributes. High levels of
cholesterol and fat accumulated in the body increases the risk of high blood
pressure and coronary artery disease. Obesity affects the patient's personality,
self-esteem and body image. The financial situation is affected by the increased
expenses associated with overeating.
 Apply health belief model with Heart failure

 Perceived susceptibility: The perceived susceptibility will focus on change of

experiencing the side effects of obesity. The patient must understand how a small
amount of excess weight can have a significant impact. Measuring BMI
periodically and monitoring the weighing scale helps the patient stay on top of his
weight.
• Perceived Benefits: List the benefits of weight loss for motivation. Losing weight
prevents chronic diseases such as heart failure, improves physical and mental
health, reduces feelings of fatigue, and boosts self-esteem. This can help live a
longer, happier life.
 Apply health belief model with Heart failure

 Cues to action: Implementing special cues to action means constantly pushing

oneself to take positive steps toward the goal. Add a calendar on refrigerator that
includes important dates when you want to lose a certain amount of weight. Use
reminders on cellphone to tell you when to exercise, and consider asking friends
and family to motivation. Commitment to measuring weight regularly to be able to
monitor progress and development.

• Self-efficacy: To achieve self-efficacy within the health belief model, the patient
needs to commit to regular positive thinking. Motivating the patient to challenge
any ideas that he cannot do. Even if the patient does not achieve his goals quickly,
constantly remind him of the achievements he has achieved before. Remind the
patient to believe and not be afraid to ask for help if they need additional support.
 Conclusion
 Heart failure (HF) is a condition that results from a problem
with the structure or function of the heart that impairs to
provide adequate blood flow to the body's.
 The Health Belief Model (HBM) is one of the most widely
can be effectively used to prevent various diseases and
their complications including heart failure.
 Thanks
Do you have Any questions?
 References
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