EVOLUTIONARY

RELATIONSHIPS
AMONG ORGANISMS
General Biology 2 Lesson 9
REVIEW: Which organisms are most
closely related?
REVIEW: Which organisms are most
closely related?

insecta arachnida

chilopoda
REVIEW:
What was your basis
for identifying the
relationship of the
organisms?
 LESSON PURPOSE:
1. Infer the degree of relationships among
organisms based on the amino acid
sequence in the cytochrome c molecule.
2. Recognize how the comparison of shared
anatomical features of organisms suggests
evolutionary relationships.
3. Compare four species of horses by
measuring structures in their hind legs.
 LANGUAGE PRACTISE
Chemical compounds
found in all
BIOMOLECULES organisms

AMINO ACIDS Molecules that combine

to form proteins
ANATOMY
Structures of
organisms
 KEY CONCEPTS
SIMILAR ANATOMY
Organs and other body parts that are similar in
basic structure and origin are said to be
homologous structures.
Different organisms that share a large number
of homologous structures are considered
strong evidence that they are related to each
other.
KEY CONCEPTS

Homologous Structure
KEY CONCEPTS
 KEY CONCEPTS
FOSSILS

Fossils provide strong evidence that

organisms from the past are different as
those found today;

Fossils had shown progression of evolution.

Fossil records showing the evolution of horse
 KEY CONCEPTS
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES AMONG
BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
Living organisms share some biomolecules
which may be used to prove relationships.
These chemicals include DNA and proteins.
The building blocks of these chemicals may
be analysed to show similarities and
differences among organisms.
An example of these is the protein
cytochrome-c, an important enzyme found
in virtually all organisms.
 SWEEPERS?

Amino acid sequences in Cytochrome-C proteins of 20

different species
 1
10
15
18
21
Assignment:
 Bring crayons
 Bring extra piso
THANK YOU