A

C
Republic of the Philippines D
Department of Education
REGION III E
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE
F

CORAZON C. AQUINO HIGH SCHOOL H

TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD J

EDUCATION DEPARTMENT K

Mastering the Art of N

Preparing Multiple- O

Choice Assessment: Q

A Comprehensive
R

Guide for Educators T

ABIGAIL L. GRANIL W
Discussant X

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Objectives: C

● Understand multiple-choice F

questions (MCQ).
G

J
● Create multiple-choice K

questions based on Bloom’s L

Taxonomy. N

● To obtain some rules for Q

creating multiple choice S

questions. T

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ACTIVITY C

E
Determine the following questions: F

Remembering, Understanding, G

Applying, Analyzing, Evaluating, and H

I
Creating. J

M
1. What is the main purpose of soap N

bath in nail care? O

A. Cleans the nails R

S
B. Softens the cuticles T

C. Removes nail stains U

D. Strengthens the nails V

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ACTIVITY C

2. How would you calculate F

the weight of a weld bead in H

SMAW? I

L
A. Weight = volume x density M

B. Weight = length x width x N

O
height P

C. Weight = area x density Q

D. Weight = length + width + R

height T

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ACTIVITY C

E
3. How does marinating meat enhance F

its flavor and tenderness? G

I
A. By tenderizing the meat fibers and J

breaking down connective tissues. K

B. By adding moisture to the meat and L

M
preventing it from drying out. N
C. By infusing the meat with additional O

spices and seasonings. P

D. By creating a protective barrier that Q

R
seals in juices during cooking. S

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ACTIVITY C

E
4. Design a sustainable irrigation F

system for a small-scale organic farm G

that minimizes water usage while H

I
ensuring optimal crop growth. J

A. Drip irrigation system with a timer L

M
and moisture sensors. N
B. Sprinkle irrigation system with O

rainwater harvesting. P

C. Flood irrigation system with water Q

R
efficient nozzles. S

D. Subsurface irrigation system with T

mulching. U

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ACTIVITY C

5. How can the selection of F

appropriate computer system G

H
services impact the overall I

efficiency and effectiveness of an J

K
organization’s operations? L

N
A. Enhanced customer service O

B. Increased operational costs P

C. Reduced collaboration and Q

communication S

D. Decreased security and risk T

management V

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ACTIVITY C

6. What criteria would you E

F
use to assess the quality of G

electrical work? H

A. Appearance and aesthetics K

B. Compliance with Electrical M

Codes and Standards N

O
C. Availability of spare parts P

D. Customer testimonials Q

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 What is a multiple-choice
A

questions (MCQ)? C

● According to Clegg and Cashin (1986), a F

G
multiple choice question contains three H
elements: I

- Item stem: this is the problem L

statement. It contains all the M

N
information necessary to answer the O

multiple choice. P

Example: What is the name of the T

presenter today? U

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What is a multiple choice B

questions (MCQ)?
C

- Correct option: this is the F

correct answer to the H

multiple choice question.

I

- Distractors: these are the M

incorrect answers presented O

P
as alternatives to the correct Q

answer in a multiple choice R

question. T

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How to create multiple choice B

questions (MCQs)?
C

E
● B. S. Bloom and colleagues (1956) F

created a taxonomy which divides G

cognitive objectives into a hierarchy H

I
of subdivisions from the easiest to J

the most complex. K

M
Bloom’s Taxonomy N

- Knowledge (Remembering) P

-Comprehension (Understanding) Q

R
- Application (Applying) S

- Analysis (Analyzing) T

- Synthesis (Creating) U

V
- Evaluation (Evaluating) W

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Knowledge (Remembering) C

E
● This is defined as the remembering of F
previously learned material. This is the G

lowest level of learning. These are the H

easiest types of MCQs to create. I

● Learning objectives at this level K

L
- Know common terms
M
- Know specific facts N
- Know methods and procedures O
- Know basic concept P

- Know principles Q

• Questions: define, list, state, identify, S

label, name, who? when? Where? T

U
What?
V

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Sample MCQ: Knowledge B

C
(Remembering) D

1. What is the main purpose of soap F

bath in nail care? G

A. Cleans the nails J

K
B. Softens the cuticles L

C. Removes nail stains M

N
D. Strengthens the nails O

Answer : B. (Item no. 1) R

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Comprehension (Understanding) C

E
● This is defined as the ability to grasp F

the meaning of material. G

I
● Learning objectives at this level J
- Understand facts and principles K

- Interpret verbal material L

- Translate verbal material to M

N
mathematical formula O

- Estimate future consequences P

applied in data Q

S
• Questions: Explain, predict, T

interpret, infer, summarize, U

V
convert, translate, give example, W
account for. X

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Sample MCQ: Comprehension B

(Understanding) C

E
How does marinating meat enhance its F

flavor and tenderness? G

I
A. By tenderizing the meat fibers and J

breaking down connective tissues. K

B. By adding moisture to the meat and L

M
preventing it from drying out. N
C. By infusing the meat with additional O

spices and seasonings. P

D. By creating a protective barrier that Q

R
seals in juices during cooking S

Answer: A (Item no. 3) U

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Application ( Applying) B

D
● This refers to the ability to use learned
E
material in new and concrete situations. F
Here you have to apply rules, methods, G
concepts, principles, laws, and/or theories. H

● Learning objectives at this level J

- Apply concepts and principles to new K

L
situations
M
- Apply laws and theories to practical
N
situations O
- Solve mathematical problems P

• Questions: R

How could___ be used to ___? S

How would you show, make use of, T

U
modify, demonstrate, solve, or apply ___to
V
conditions____? W

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Sample MCQ: Application B

C
(Applying) D

E
● How would you calculate the F

weight of a weld bead in G

H
SMAW? I

A. Weight = volume x density J

K
B. Weight = length x width x L

height M

N
C. Weight = area x density O

D. Weight = length + width + P

height Q

Answer: C (Item no. 2) V

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Analysis (Analyzing) D

E
● This refers to the ability to break down material
F
into its component parts so that its organizational
G
structure may be understood.
H

J
● Learning objectives at this level
K
- Recognize unstated assumptions
L
- Recognize logical fallacies in reasoning
- Distinguish between facts and inferences M

- Evaluate the relevancy of data N

• Questions: Differentiate, compare/contrast, Q

distinguish ____from____, how does____ affect R

or relate to ____? How? why? What piece of S

____is missing/needed? T

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Sample MCQ: Analysis B

(Analyzing) C

How can the selection of F

appropriate computer system G

H
services impact the overall I

efficiency and effectiveness of an J

K
organization’s operations? L

N
A. Enhanced customer service O

B. Increased operational costs P

C. Reduced collaboration and Q

communication S

D. Decreased security and risk T

management V

X
Answer: A (Item no. 5) Y

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Synthesis ( Creating)
C

E
● This refers to the ability to put parts F

together to form a new whole. G

I
● Learning objectives at this level J

- Write a well organized theme K

- Propose a plan for an experiment L

- Integrate learning from different M

N
areas into a plan for solving a O

problem P

R
• Questions: Design, construct, S

develop, formulate, image, create, T

change,. U

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Sample MCQ: Synthesis B

(Creating)
C

E
Design a sustainable irrigation system for a F
small-scale organic farm that minimizes water G

usage while ensuring optimal crop growth. H

A. Drip irrigation system with a timer and J

moisture sensors. K

L
B. Sprinkle irrigation system with rainwater
M
harvesting. N
C. Flood irrigation system with water O
efficient nozzles. P

D. Subsurface irrigation system with Q

mulching. R

U
Answer: A (Item no. 4)
V

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Evaluation (Evaluating)
C

E
● This is concerned with the ability to F

judge the value of material for a given G

purpose. This is the highest level of H

learning. I

K
● Learning objectives at this level L

- Judge the logical consistency of written M

material N

- Judge the value of a work O

P
- Judge the adequacy with which Q
conclusions are supported by data R

• Questions: Justify, evaluate, judge ___ T

U
according to given criteria. Which V
option would be better/preferable to W
____? X

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 Sample MCQ: Evaluation
A

(Evaluating) C

E
● What criteria would you use to F

assess the quality of electrical G

H
work? I

K
A. Appearance and aesthetics L

B. Compliance with Electrical M

N
Codes and Standards O

C. Availability of spare parts P

D. Customer testimonials Q

Answer: B (Item no. 6) T

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Rules for Writing Multiple- B

Choice Questions (MCQs)

C

E
● Haladyna & Downing (1989) developed s F
set of rules one should follow when G

constructing MCQs . Some of them are: H

 Avoid the use of “None of the Above” – J

research has shown that these type of K

L
questions are more difficult and less
M
reliable. N

 Avoid complex multiple choice items – Q

you should not have complex response R

options that combine many smaller items S

or phrases. ( e.g. A. 1, 2, & 3; B. 1 & 3; C. T

U
2 & 4; D. 2, 3, & 4)
V

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Rules for Writing Multiple B

Choice Questions (MCQs)

C

E
Keep the length of responses F

options fairly consistent. G

Avoid the use of humor when J

K
developing options - you should L

not use humor when constructing M

N
your distractors. O

Keep the stem simple - don’t Q

add extra information to the stem S

to fill up space and/or confuse T

students. V

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Rules for Writing Multiple B

Choice Questions (MCQs) D

E
 Avoid using negative phrasing in the stem F
– If you have to use negative phrasing then G

bold or capitalize the negative word. H

 Avoid using “All of the Above” – research J

shows that this type of questions is more K

L
difficult and less discriminating.
M

N
 Avoid the option “I don’t know” research O
shows that this is not a valid option. P

 Use simple terminology or terminology R

that students should know – spell out S

acronyms. T

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 Rules for Writing Multiple
A

Choice Questions (MCQs) C

E
Limit the number of options – F

use 3 or 4 options. Avoid using 2 G

H
or more than 4. I

Write the correct answer before K

creating the distractors. M

O
Avoid unnecessary repetition in P

the response options Q

Put responses vertically below the T

stem – this makes it easier to read. U

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MOST IMPORTANT C

RULE E

HAVE OTHERS REVIEW

“ J

YOUR QUESTIONS – IF
K

POSSIBLE GET M

FEEDBACK FROM MORE O

THAN ONE PERSON. P

WORK IN TEAMS AND R

S
CRITIQUE EACH OTHERS T

QUESTIONS” U

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Thank you
H

and
L

God bless!
P

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