ORGANIC

CHEMISTRY
SCIENCE 9
 ORGANIC
CHEMISTRY
Organic chemistry is the study of the structure, properties, composition,
reactions, and preparation of carbon-containing compounds. Most
organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen, but they may also
include any number of other elements (e.g., nitrogen, oxygen, halogens,
phosphorus, silicon, sulfur).
 HYDROCARBONS
Any chemical compound
consisting entirely of
hydrogen and carbon. each
hydrocarbon molecule consist
of a carbon backbone with
hydrogen atoms attached to
that backbone.
 ALKANES

Alkanes, hydrocarbons in
which all the bonds are single,
have molecular formulas that
satisfy the general expression
CnH2n + 2.
 Uses of Alkanes
Alkanes are important raw materials of the
chemical industry and the principal constituent
of gasoline and lubricating oils. Natural gas
mainly contains methane and ethane and is
used for heating and cooking purposes and for
power utilities (gas turbines).
Example:
Example:
Example:
 Isomerism

Molecular Expanded Condensed

formula structural structural
formula formula
Example:
 IUPAC Rules for Alkane Nomenclature
Rules 01

Find and name the

longest continuous
carbon chain.

Rules 02
Identify and name
groups attached to
this chain.

Rules 03

Number the chain consecutively,

starting at the end nearest a
substituent group.
 IUPAC Rules for Alkane Nomenclature
Rules 04
Designate the location of each
substituent group by an
appropriate number and
name.

Rules 05
Assemble the name,
listing groups in
alphabetical order.

Rules 06
The prefixes di, tri, tetra etc., used to
designate several groups of the same
kind, are not considered when
alphabetizing.