ENHANCED

SCIENCE 10
BIOLOGY 10
 Requirements:

½ Index Card
 Written Work:
Chapter test
Quizzes
Laboratory Reports
 Performance Task:
Group performance task: TBA
Individual performance task:
Create a brochure on diseases related to any of
the three organ systems (Reproductive, Nervous,
and Endocrine System) and their prevention.
 Reporting
Content Coverage
Coordinated
Heredity:
Functions of the
Inheritance and
01 Reproductive, 02 Variation
Endocrine, and
Nervous Systems

Biodiversity and Ecosystems

Evolution
03 3.1 Mechanisms and 04 4.1 Flow of Energy and Matter in
Ecosystems
evidence 4.2 Biodiversity and Stability
of evolution 4.3 Population Growth and Carrying
Capacity
Coordinated Functions of the Reproductive,
Endocrine, and Nervous Systems
Male Reproductive System
 BODY
SCAVENGER
HUNT
1. Can you identify the parts
of the male reproductive
system?

2. How do these parts work

together to achieve
reproduction?
 GUIDE QUESTIONS
1. What parts of the male reproductive system were mentioned in the
video?
2. Give two male reproductive parts and briefly explain their
functions.
3. Which gland is responsible in the production of sperm?
4. How is scrotum important in the development of sperm?
5. How do sperm cells contribute to reproduction?
6. What role does the penis play in the reproductive process?
 MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
PART FUNCTION
Testis Produces sperm cells
Scrotum Sac of skin that holds the testis
Penis Deposits sperms into the vagina during
mating
Vas Carries sperm from testes to urethra
Deferens
(tube)
 MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
PART FUNCTION
Urethra Carries sperm and urine out of the body
Glands Provide liquid in which sperm can swim
a. seminal -Secretes a fluid that makes up most of the
vesicle components of the semen
b. prostate -Secretes a slightly alkaline milky fluid that is
gland discharged as part of the semen
c. bulboureth -Secretes a thick and clear mucus that lubricates
ral gland and neutralizes the any trace of acidic urine in
the urethra.
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
● Using the diagram on the board, trace and label the pathway of the
sperm as it moves from the testes to the outside
● What material allows the sperm to keep moving and survive? (M)
Sperm cells depend on seminal fluid to keep them moving and alive. This fluid
is produced during ejaculation by accessory glands: the seminal vesicles and
prostate gland.

● How do the prostate gland and seminal vesicles assist in the survival of
sperm? (U)
The prostate contributes 20–30% of fluid to the total semen volume. The
remainder comes from the seminal vesicles (50–65%) and the testicles (5%).
Prostatic fluid contains components that make semen an ideal substance for
sperm cells to live in, including enzymes, zinc, and citric acid
● How might the absence of an erection impact the journey and viability of
semen during the male reproductive process, considering both physiological
and reproductive consequences? (R)
The path and viability of semen may be affected by a number of physiological
and reproductive effects when there is no erection. Potential obstruction of
semen propulsion through the reproductive tract is one important effect because
the is no muscle contraction that will allow ejaculation to occur. In a
physiological sense, the force needed for efficient semen transport may be
reduced in the absence of an erection, which could have an impact on the
direction and speed of sperm movement.
 How do the hormones testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
function within the male reproductive system, and what specific roles do they
play in regulating various processes such as sperm production, sexual
development, and overall reproductive health?
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
PART FUNCTION
Ovary Produces egg cells
Oviduct Serves as passageway of eggs from the
ovary to the uterus; site of egg fertilization
Uterus Serves as site of egg implantation; is where
the fertilized egg develops.
Vagina Receives the penis of male during mating.
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE
The onset of the menstrual
cycle, or menarche, begins at
puberty and ceases at
menopause. The cycle has 4
phases:
• Menstruation: shedding of
the lining
• Follicular: before release
of the egg
• Ovulatory: egg release
• Luteal: after egg release
The menstrual phase- The loss of the
functional layer of the endometrium is called
menstruation or the menses. Although this is
actually the end of a menstrual cycle, the onset of
menstruation is easily pinpointed and is,
therefore, a useful starting point.
The follicular phase- FSH stimulates growth of
ovarian follicles and secretion of estrogen by the
follicle cells. The secretion of LH is also
increasing, but more slowly. FSH and estrogen
promote the growth and maturation of the ovum,
and estrogen stimulates the growth of blood
vessels in the endometrium to regenerate the
functional layer.
The ovulation/ ovulatory phase comes
next. It is the process of releasing a mature
egg (the ovum) from the ovary into the
fallopian tube of the uterus.
The luteal phase follows ovulation, and is
characterized by the development of the corpus
luteum, the secretion of progesterone, the
preparation of the endometrium for implantation of
a fertilized egg, and the formation of a thick
mucous to block the cervix once the egg passes out
of the fallopian tube.
What does this graph of menstrual cycle tell us?
THE BREASTS
The breasts are the mammary
glands, varying in size
according to age, heredity, and
the amount of fatty tissue
present. Each breast has 15-20
glandular lobes separated by
connective tissue. After
childbirth, the pituitary gland
stimulates these lobules with
the hormone prolactin… and
they produce milk.
THE BREASTS
The dark-colored circle at the
tip of the breast is called the
areola (ah REE ah lah). It contains
sebaceous glands to keep the
skin conditioned. In the center
is the nipple, where ducts from
the lobules open. The first
secretion from the breast is not
a true milk, but a thin yellowish
substance called colostrum.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
● The endocrine system contains a group of glands that release
hormones into the body. The following table lists all the major
glands in the body, with their functions, locations, and the hormones
they release.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM and REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Nervous System
 Nervous System

It has two (2) main divisions:

A. Central Nervous System (CNS) – serves as the main
“processing center” for the entire nervous system. It has two
main parts – the brain and the spinal cord.

B. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) – contains all nerves

that extend outside the brain and spinal cord. It has two main
divisions – the Somatic Nervous System and the Autonomic
Nervous System.
Homeostasis is the state reached when each part
of the body functions in equilibrium with other
parts.

This is attained through the regulation of the bodily

functions by the nervous system and endocrine
system by secreting hormones that regulate these
activities.
Most body systems maintain homeostasis which involves a
process, a signal or a mechanism that tends to accelerate or
to slow down a process called feedback.
Two types of feedback:
A. positive feedback- is when a response to an event
increases the likelihood of the event to continue.

B. negative feedback – is a response to a stimulus that keeps a

variable close to a set value. Essentially, it "shuts off" or
"turns on" a system.
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic Acid
(RNA) are two types of nucleic acids.
DNA is found mainly in the nucleus of the cell, while
RNA is found mainly in the cytoplasm of the cell
although it is usually synthesized in the nucleus.
DNA contains the genetic codes to make RNA and the
RNA in turn then contains the codes for the primary
sequence of amino acids to make proteins.
Directions: Identify the phase in the menstrual cycle being described by each
statement.
Follicular phase, Ovulation Phase, Menstruation, Luteal Phase
________1. During this phase, the uterine lining is shed.

________2. A rapid increase in LH or LH surge occurs during this

phase.
________3. Shortest period of the menstrual cycle.

________4. Progesterone levels peak during this phase.

________5. This phase is characterized by the development of a

mature follicle.
_________6. The lining of the uterus starts to thicken during this
phase.
_________7. This phase typically lasts about 14 days.
_________8. Bloating is commonly experienced during this phase.
_________9. Some women experience mood swings during this
phase. (PMS)
_________10. FSH levels are high during this phase.