INTRODUCTION

TO
HOUSING
HHS- Housing and Human Settlement
Archt. Raquel Lim Baquiran, Uap, Pala, MsArch
Class Instructor
Introduction to Housing

Classification

URBAN
Private Rented
HOUSING
Public Owned
RURAL

By 2030
3 out of 20 will be URBAN DWELLERS mostly in less
developed countries

Demand: 3 billion people

96,150 affordable housing units per day
4,000 per hour
Introduction to Housing
Housing and the Delivery Process in the Philippines

Pro-poor land and Housing

- Huge backlog in providing land security and

housing for the poor
- High rates of population increase and with
urban areas continue to be magnets of
economic opportunity, the demand for
affordable land and housing remains a huge
challenge.

(Human settlements programme (UN-

HABITAT)
Introduction to Housing
Housing and the Delivery Process in the Philippines

Pro-poor land and Housing

- Land market does not satisfy the needs of the poor for secure
tenure.
- Prices of land in urban areas remain way beyond the means
of
families whose income falls within the bottom 30% of the
income strata.
- 4 out of 10 Filipino families do not own their house and
lot as
evidenced by the informal settlers in urban areas which further
aggravates deteriorating quality of life of the poor as cramp
spaces result in higher incidence of sickness and violence that
mostly affects women and children
(Source: Anatomy of the Housing Problem by John Francis Lagman)
Introduction to Housing
Housing and the Delivery Process in the Philippines

Pro-poor land and Housing

- Not all informal settlers are income poor

- 44% of the urban population of Manila live is slums, 25 percent
are not necessarily income poor.
- Informal settlers that have acquired non-land assets allowed
them to gradually improve their conditions and status.
- According to the World Bank Report (2011), non-poor
families,
including those living in informal settlements usually benefit
from government housing programs.
- 95% of the beneficiaries of socialized housing programs are from
the urban areas.
(Source: Anatomy of the Housing Problem by John Francis Lagman)
Introduction to Housing
Housing and the Delivery Process in the Philippines

Pro-poor land and Housing

HOUSING ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS

SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM (SSS)

PAG-IBIG

*Discriminate those who are informally employed and are unable to meet the
required contributions.

Lina law- RA 7279

“Urban Development and Housing Act of 1992.”
Uplift the conditions of the underprivileged and homeless citizens in urban areas and in resettlement
areas by making available to them decent housing at affordable cost, basic services, and employment
opportunities.
Introduction to Housing
Housing and the Delivery Process in the Philippines

Pro-poor land and Housing

HOUSING ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS

Housing programs that cater to the urban poor include those

implemented through presidential land proclamations and the
Community Mortgage Program (CMP). Lands occupied by informal
settlers, most of them government-owned, can be declared open for
disposition to qualified beneficiaries through a presidential issuance.
The Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council (HUDCC)
reports that the 102 presidential issuances as of 2006 covered 26,367
hectares, most of them in Metro Manila and occupied by more than
195,000 informal settler families.
Introduction to Housing
Housing and the Delivery Process in the Philippines

Pro-poor land and Housing

HOUSING ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS

-Due to migration of people into cities, both the national and local
government adopt SQUATTER RELOCATION as a POLICY to curb the
proliferation of illegal urban poor settlements.

-Eviction case reports

1996 to June 2008= 287 demolition cases
7 out of 10 demolitions are cleared to make way for infrastructure
projects (road expansion, river rehabilitation and flood control) and
commercial establishments such as shopping malls.
Introduction to Housing
Housing and the Delivery Process in the Philippines

Pro-poor land and Housing

- Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA)- in most

cases the MMDA demolition drive involve violence and lack
prior consultation with the affected families, which is
mandated by law.

- Studies claim that only half of the evicted families receive

relocation assistance

Popular Relocation Sites:

Bulacan
Laguna
Cavite
Introduction to Housing
Housing and the Delivery Process in the Philippines

Pro-poor land and Housing

- Relocation to sites far from their sources of income has disrupted these
families’ insufficient cashflow,
- And the absence of viable livelihood opportunities in the new sites is
not easily remedied in the immediate term.
- The lack of basic services such as potable water, electricity, sanitation
facilities as well as classrooms and health centers further exacerbates
their situation.
- HUDCC, the agency overseeing these resettlement programs, explains
these inadequacies as being part of what it calls the “incremental
approach” whereby basic services are gradually provided as funds
allow, even as families have already moved in.
Introduction to Housing
Physical Configurations as Outcomes of Socio Economic System

- Income in urban areas have been

estimated to be 2.3 times higher than
in rural areas. Urban areas are
sought to be engine of the country’s
growth.
- The massive and continuing rural to
urban migration can obviously be
attributed to the fact that urban areas
offer opportunities for the rural poor.
- Agricultural employment is in
absolute decline
- Employment has been largely 180 Houses in Balili, La Trinidad Baguio
generated by the non-agricultural
sector.
Introduction to Housing
Physical Configurations as Outcomes of Socio Economic System

- It is also useful to note that

except for the Home Development
Mutual fund (HDMF), also known as
Pag-IBIG fund, other shelter and
finance agencies were unable to reach
their accomplishment targets. There
appears to be significant progress in
reducing the processing time for
housing loan applications by Pag-IBIG
fund, although the total amount of
housing loans extended appears to
remain at relatively low levels when
measured against total housing need.
Introduction to Housing
Physical Configurations as Outcomes of Socio Economic System

Issues:
Introduction to Housing
Physical Configurations as Outcomes of Socio Economic System
Structure and Form of Urban Settlements

The term “urban sprawl” has been used to describe a variety of urban
forms, including contiguous suburban growth, linear patterns of strip
development, and leapfrog or scattered development. These forms are
typically associated with patterns of clustered, non-traditional centers
based on out of town malls, edge cities, and new towns and communities
(Ewing 1994; Pendall 1999; Razin and Rosentraub 2000; Peiser 2001).

Types of Sprawl
Introduction to Housing
Physical Configurations as Outcomes of Socio Economic System
Socio-cultural context

The concept of culture is highly extensive

and unattainable to be grounded and
directly linked to urban housing design.

Thus, there is a need for a complex study

that addresses the sociocultural dimension
in a way to capture the cultural layers that
are related to housing design process and
practice. The complex and broad conception
of culture has led to this issue that almost
every human activity and social
phenomenon could be merely readable
within a related cultural context.
Introduction to Housing
Physical Configurations as Outcomes of Socio Economic System
Socio-cultural context
Thus, different conceptions of culture have their own
theoretical structure and interpretative capacity of the
real world. For example, culture has been adopted as a
complex accumulation of activities, crafts, habits,
beliefs, art, ethics, and thoughts while it has been also
addressed as a system of collective knowledge,
meaning, value, and vision.

Moreover, two kinds of culture is distinguishable as it is

embedded in art and literature or as “software of the
mind” that is a collective phenomenon and distinctive
indicator of a group in comparison to the other groups
in terms of social norms, family patterns, institutions,
and governance systems (Hofstede, Hofstede, &
Minkov, 2010).
Introduction to Housing
Physical Configurations as Outcomes of Socio Economic System
Socio-cultural context
Actually, ineffectiveness of the current development policies
in urban planning is mostly the result of “misunderstanding”
the settlement process and ignoring needs of the people
(Turner, 1968) and the fact that everyday activities and
behaviors of dwellers take place in housing.

A conceptual model based on

Rapoport (1998) for the
relations between different
sociocultural layers and the built
environment in relation to
housing morphology.
Introduction to Housing
Physical Configurations as Outcomes of Socio Economic System
Socio-cultural context
Residential property is reported as the most valuable asset people
will own and therefore provides the potential to be used as a socio-
economic status (SES) measure.

Location is generally recognized as the most important determinan t

of residential property value.

Urban vs. Rural

(Compact) (Spacious)

Condominium
Rockwell University Belt
(High end- Elite-Working class) (Middle Income-Students)
Other Factors:
Student Housing Accessibility (Transportation)
Katipunan---------------------------------------------- Intramuros Commercial Areas
Services (Utilities, Health
Care etc.)
Townhouse
Security
Gated Compund or Subdivision------------------ Self supporting
Income class
(with developer) (Private Individuals)
Introduction to Housing
Physical Configurations as Outcomes of Socio Economic System
KEY CONCEPT TO AFFORDABLE HOUSING