Magnetic Fields and

Electromagnetic
Induction
 magnetic force

When charges are

in motion they exert electrostatic
forces along with magnetic forces.
The interaction between two
magnetic fields causes one of two
things to occur attract when adjacent
poles are not the same or repel when
adjacent poles are the same.
Magnetic Field

A magnetic field is
a visual
representation used
as a tool to describe
how the magnetic
force is distributed
in the space around
and within
something
magnetic.
 The magnitude of the field is given in a unit
called Tesla which used to be called Weber per
square meter (Wb/m2).
Conversion:
1 Ga = 10-4 T = 10-4 Wb/m2
Magnetic flux
is number of
magnetic lines
passing
through
closed
surface.
Characteristics of magnetic flux

❏ They always form a closed loop.

❏ They always start from the north pole
and ends in the south pole.
❏ They never intersect each other.
❏ Magnetic lines of forces that are parallel
to each other and are in the same
direction repel each other.
Magnetic Field Lines

Magnetic
field lines
naturally bunch
together in
regions where
the magnetic
field is the
strongest.
 Differences
between Magnetic
force,
Gravitational
force and Electric
Fields
❏ Electric field exerts a force on electric
charge and a gravitational field exerts a force
on a mass. However, there's no magnetic
charge on which a magnetic field exerts
force
❏ Although electric and gravitational forces
are exerted in both stationary and moving
object, a magnetic force is exerted only on a
moving electric charge.
❏ Gravitational and electric forces do not depend on
direction on which the object moves, yet magnetic
force is exerted only if a component of the motion
of the charge is perpendicular to the field
❏ Gravitational and electric field always exerts force
on the direction of the field the magnetic field
does not point in the direction of the field nor
does it point in the direction of the charges
velocity the magnetic force is perpendicular to
both the magnetic field and the charges velocity
 Fm = qvBSinϴ

Wherein,

Fm is the magnetic force exerted on the charge in N

q is the electric charge in Coulomb (C)
v is velocity through a magnetic field in m/s
B is the magnetic field in Tesla (T)
ϴ is the angle between the direction of the velocity and
magnetic field
 Word Problem:

1) An aircraft with a wingspan of 20 m carries a static charge

of 0.8 C. it travels at 230 m/s perpendicular to a 1.7 x 10 -4
T magnetic field. How much is the magnetic force acting
on the aircraft?
Fm = qvBSinϴ
q=
v=
B=
ϴ=
Fm = ?
Word Problem:

2) A particle with a charge of 1.60217662 × 10-19C is traveling

perpendicularly at a rate of 2.8 x 106 m/s in a circular path
magnetic force of 33 x 10-12 N. What is the magnitude of the
magnetic field on the charged particle?
Fm = qvBSinϴ

q=
v=
B=?
ϴ=
Fm =
Motor Effect
 I= qv/L
F = IBLSinϴ

Wherein,

I is current running through the wire in Amperes (A)

F is the mechanical force in N
q is the electric charge in Coulomb (C)
v is velocity through a magnetic field in m/s
B is the magnetic field in Tesla (T)
L is the length of the coil in m
ϴ is the angle between the direction of the velocity and magnetic field
 Word Problem:

1) A 130 cm long wire carrying a current of 25A is placed

at an angle of 20° with a magnetic field induction of 3
x 10-4 T. How much force is exerted by the current?
F = IBLSinϴ
L=
I=
B=
ϴ=
F=?=
 Word Problem:

2) A beam of electrons travel at right angles at a length of 1

m with a speed of 9 x 106 m/s through a 5 x 10-4T
magnetic field, what is: a) magnitude of the force acting
on the electron b) the amount of current the beam is
carrying on a 150 cm long wire?
F = IBLSinϴ
L=
q=
v=
I of -e =
B=
ϴ=
 Word Problem:

2) A beam of electrons travel at right angles with a speed of 9

x 106 m/s through a 5 x 10-4T magnetic field, what is: a)
magnitude of the force acting on the electron b) the amount
of current the beam is carrying on a 150 cm long wire?
I = F/BLSinϴ
L=1.5 m
q = 1.60217662 × 10-19 C
v = 9 x 106 m/s
I of -e =
B = 5 x 10-4T
ϴ = 90°
I = ? =F/BLSinϴ = 1.44 x 10-12 N/(5 × 10-4 T)(1.5)(Sin 90)
= 2.15 x 10-9 A
 Word Problem:

2) A beam of electrons travel at right angles with a speed of 9

x 106 m/s through a 5 x 10-4T magnetic field, what is: a)
magnitude of the force acting on the electron b) the amount
of current the beam is carrying on a 150 cm long wire?
I = F/BLSinϴ
L=1.5 m
q = 1.60217662 × 10-19 C
v = 9 x 106 m/s
I of -e =
B = 5 x 10-4T
ϴ = 90°
I = ? =F/BLSinϴ = 1.44 x 10-12 N/(5 × 10-4 T)(1.5)(Sin 90)
= 2.15 x 10-9 A
 More Examples:

1) A 120 cm long wire carrying a current of 40A is placed at

an angle of 30° with a magnetic field induction of 3.20 x
10-4 T. How much force is exerted by the current?
L= 120 cm/100 = 1.2m
I = 40A
B = 3.20 x 10-4 T
ϴ = 30°
F = IBLSinϴ = (40)(3.20 x 10-4)(1.2)(Sin 30) = 7.68 x 10-3
N
Therefore, the amount of force exerted by a current of 40A
in a 120 cm long wire placed at an angle of 30° with a
magnetic field induction of 3.20 x 10-4 T, is 7.68 x 10-3 N
 Word Problem:

2) A beam of electrons travel at right angles with a speed of

8 x 106 m/s through a 4 x 10-4T magnetic field, what is:
a) magnitude of the force acting on the electron b) the
amount of current the beam is carrying on a 120 cm long
wire?

L = 1.2 m
q = 1.60217662 × 10-19 C
v = 8 x 106 m/s
I of -e =
B = 4 x 10-4 T
ϴ = 90°
F = IBLSinϴ (qv/L)BLSinϴ = ( 1.60217662 × 10-19 C) (8 x
 Word Problem:

2) A beam of electrons travel at right angles with a speed of 8 x 106 m/s through
a 4 x 10-4T magnetic field, what is: a) magnitude of the force acting on the
electron b) the amount of current the beam is carrying on a 120 cm long wire?

L= 1.2 m
q = 1.60217662 × 10-19 C
v = 8 x 106 m/s
I of -e =
B = 4 x 10-4T
ϴ = 90°
F = 1.28 × 10-12 N
I = ? 1= F/BLSinϴ= 1.28 x 10-12N/(4 x 10-4)(1.2 m)(Sin 90°)= 2.67×10-9 A

Therefore the magnitude of the force acting on the beam of electrons and
the amount of current the beam is carrying on a 120 cm long wire which
travels at right angles with a speed of 8 x 10 6 m/c through a magnetic
field of 4 x 10-4 T and 1.28 x 10-12 N respectively.