CLASSIFICATION OF

MUSICAL
INSTRUMENTS FROM
INDIA
Presented By : Group 2

Mapeh presentation | 2024

 1
GHAN
Is one of the oldest instruments in the history of India dating back to
the 600 BC. It is described as non-membranous percussive
instruments that produces metalic sounds through striking or
shaking. It can be used as a melodic instrument and can also be used
to keep track of the beat or tempo of the song or commonly known
as 'tal' in India.

Mapeh | 2024
 GHATAM
Ghatam literally means clay pot hence why it is a
pot made out of clay. It is played by striking the
surface using the fingers or bare hands. Ghatam
also serves as a rhythmic accompaniment,
providing a rich and resonant percussive sound.

Mapeh | 2024
 KARTA
Karta is a word derived from Sanskrit which refers
to the lead musician or vocalist who directs the
performance. The Karta sets the tempo, chooses
the melodic scales and leads improvisational
passages.

Mapeh | 2024
 MANJIRA
Manjira is also a term from Sanskrit where
"manj" means "to chime" or "to sound."
Manjira is also known as kartal in many parts
of India. It is a pair of small hand cymbals
and the percussionist holds one cymbal in
each hand and strikes them together to
produce rhythmic patterns.

Mapeh | 2024
 MANJIRA
It is widely used in various Indian musical
forms, including folk music and devotional
songs or bhajans.

Mapeh | 2024
 NOUT
The term "nout" is less common and might
refer to a specific regional or traditional
percussion instrument within India. It denotes
a variation of a drum or a pot-like instrument
used in a particular cultural context or
regional folk music.

Mapeh | 2024
 2
AVANADDH
is a term used in Indian classical music, specifically in the context of
rhythm or "laya." In Sanskrit, "Avanaddh" means bound, tied, or
restricted. In the context of rhythm, it refers to a structured and bound
rhythmic cycle.In Indian classical music, rhythm plays a fundamental
role, and compositions are often set within specific rhythmic cycles
known as "taals."

Mapeh | 2024
 AVANADDH
These taals govern the structure and progression of the music, providing
a framework within which musicians and percussionists perform intricate
rhythmic patterns.

Mapeh | 2024
 DAF
The Daf is a large frame drum made of wood or
metal with a wide circular frame and a stretched
membrane on one side. The membrane is often
made of goat or fish skin. It has a row of metal
rings or small metal plates attached to the inner
circumference, which create a jingling sound
when the drum is played.

Mapeh | 2024
 DAF
In India, the Daf is primarily used in Sufi music
traditions and folk music. It is often played
during Sufi gatherings, spiritual ceremonies,
and devotional music sessions. The rhythmic
patterns produced by the Daf accompany
singing and chanting, creating a trance-like
atmosphere conducive to meditation and
spiritual contemplation.
Mapeh | 2024
 DHOL
The Dhol is a double-headed drum with a
barrel-shaped body, typically made of wood,
and two drumheads, one on each side. The
larger side, called the "dagga," produces a deep
bass sound and is played with a stick, while the
smaller side, known as the "thili," produces
higher-pitched tones and is played with the
hands.
Mapeh | 2024
 DHOL
The Dhol is widely used across India in various
cultural and social contexts. It is an integral part
of celebrations such as weddings, festivals (like
Holi and Navratri), processions, and religious
events.

Mapeh | 2024
 DHOL
In addition to its role in folk music, the Dhol is
also incorporated into contemporary music
genres, including Bollywood music and fusion
music.

Mapeh | 2024
 TABLA
The Tabla consists of a pair of small, tuned
hand drums known as the "Dayan" and the
"Bayan." The Dayan is the smaller drum with a
wooden body and a single drumhead, while the
Bayan is the larger drum with a metal body and
a drumhead on both ends.

Mapeh | 2024
 TABLA
The Tabla is one of the most important
percussion instruments in Indian classical
music, particularly in the Hindustani classical
tradition. It is used to accompany vocal
performances, instrumental music, and dance.

Mapeh | 2024
 TABLA
Tabla players use complex finger and hand
techniques to produce a wide range of sounds
and rhythms, adding depth and intricacy to
musical compositions. The Tabla is also utilized
in fusion music, contemporary Indian music,
and across various other musical genres.)

Mapeh | 2024
 SUSHIR
Is a group of Hindustani instrument that require air to be blown through
them hence why it is also sometimes called "blowing air." Basically,
Sushir is the Hindustanic version of wind instruments.

Mapeh | 2024
 SHANKHA
A shankha has religious ritual importance in
Hinduism. In Hindu mythology, the shankha
called panchajanya (pronounciation) is a
sacred emblem of the Hindu preserver deity
Vishnu. It is still used as a trumpet in Hindu
ritual, and in the past was used as a war
trumpet.

Mapeh | 2024
 BANSURI
The bansuri is an aerophone (question)
produced from bamboo and metal like
material used in many nepali lok songs. A
bansuri is traditionally made from a single
hollow shaft of bamboo with seven finger
holes. Some modern designs come in ivory,
fiberglass and various metals.

Mapeh | 2024
 BANSURI
The six hole instrument covers two and a
half octaves of music.

Mapeh | 2024
 SURPETI
Surpeti, now adays known as a Shruti box.
A shruti box is an instrument, originating
from the Indian subcontinent, that
traditionally works on a system of bellows.
It is similar to a harmonium and is used to
provide a drone in a practice session or
concert of Indian classical music.

Mapeh | 2024
 SURPETI
It is used as an accompaniment to other
instruments and notably the flute.

Mapeh | 2024
 SHEHNAI
The shehnai is a musical instrument,
originating from the Indian subcontinent. It
is made of wood, with a double reed at one
end and a metal or wooden flared bell at the
other end. Shehnai, a double-reed conical
oboe of North India.

Mapeh | 2024
 SHEHNAI
The shehnai is made of wood, except for a
flaring metal bell attached to the bottom of
the instrument, and measures about 12–20
inches (30–50 cm) in length, with six to
eight keyless finger holes along its body.

Mapeh | 2024
 TAT
Referred to as vina during the old civilization. Instruments in this class
are plucked (stringed instruments). Tat is plucked string instruments.
These instruments are played by plucking or striking the strings. Sitar,
Tanpura, Veena, Vichitra Veena, Saraswati Veena, Ektara, Sarod,
Surbahaar, Surmandal, Rebab, Santoor etc. are examples of Plucked
String Instruments.

Mapeh | 2024
 SITAR
Sitar, stringed instrument of the lute family that
is popular in northern India, Pakistan, and
Bangladesh. Typically measuring about 1.2
metres (4 feet) in length, the sitar has a deep
pear-shaped gourd body; a long, wide, hollow
wooden neck; both front and side tuning pegs;
and 20 arched movable frets.

Mapeh | 2024
GOTTUVADYAM
gottuvadyam, long-necked stringed instrument
of the lute family. The gottuvadyam is a staple
instrument of the Karnatak music tradition of
India. It is similar to the vina in appearance and
sound, although its fingerboard is not fretted.

Mapeh | 2024
GOTTUVADYAM
The gotuvadyam is a 20 or 21-string fretless
lute-style veena in Carnatic music from around
the late 19th and early 20th centuries, named by
Sakha Rama Rao from Tiruvidaimarudur, who
was responsible for bringing it back to the
concert scene.

Mapeh | 2024
 EKTAR
The ektar, now known as the Ektara. The ektara
is a drone lute consisting of a gourd resonator
covered with skin, through which a bamboo
neck is inserted. It is used in parts of India and
Nepal today by Yogis and wandering holy men
to accompany their singing and prayers.

Mapeh | 2024
 EKTAR
In Nepal, the instrument accompanies the
singing of the Ramayana and Mahabharata.

Mapeh | 2024
GOPICHAND
The Gopichand is considered more of a
rhythmic instrument and is played by plucking
the strings as the legs of the instrument are
squeezed together creating a bending drone
sound.

Mapeh | 2024
GOPICHAND
This sound is instantly recognizable and is
heard throughout Indian folk and traditional
music.

Mapeh | 2024
 RABAB
rabāb, known as Arab fiddle in english, the
earliest known bowed instrument and the parent
of the medieval European rebec. It was first
mentioned in the 10th century and was
prominent in medieval and later Arab music.

Mapeh | 2024
 RABAB
In medieval times the word rabāb was also a
generic term for any bowed instrument.

Mapeh | 2024
 VITAT
described as bowed stringed instruments. This is one of the oldest
classifications of instruments and yet did not occupy a place in classical
Indian music until the last few centuries. Bowed String Instruments
(Vitat) - These string instruments are bowed. Chikara, Dilruba, Sarangi,
Ravanhasta, Taar Shehnai, Israj etc. are examples of Bowed String
Instruments. This instrument is Indian equivalent of the African
instrument Djembe.

Mapeh | 2024
 BANAM
Banam, a single-string wooden lute or fiddle, is
one of the ancient musical instruments of the
Santal tribe. The instrument is made of wood;
the lower part is covered with the hide of the
Bengal monitor lizard and tightened with
bamboo pegs.

Mapeh | 2024
 BANAM
It is a kind of a folk fiddle and is seen in eastern
and north eastern India and in Bangladesh.
Though the instrument has been classified as
Tendor Banam, Dhodro Banam, Huka Banam
and several other names, the classification is
based more on the ornamentation of the
instrument rather than its structure.

Mapeh | 2024
 ESRAJ
The esraj or esraaj is an Indian stringed
instrument found in two forms throughout the
Indian subcontinent. It is a relatively recent
instrument, being only about 300 years old. The
Esraj belongs to the category of the
Chordophones and is a bowed stringed
instrument,

Mapeh | 2024
 ESRAJ
Which is usually played in the East and central
regions of India, particularly in Bengal, Bihar,
Orissa, Assam, Tripura and also Bangladesh.

Mapeh | 2024
 CHIKARA
The chikara is a bowed stringed musical
instrument from India used to play Indian folk
music. It is used by the tribal people of
Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.
The chikara is a simple spike fiddle played,
similarly to the sarangi or sarinda,

Mapeh | 2024
 CHIKARA
By sliding fingernails on the strings rather than
pressing them to touch the fingerboard. It has 3
strings, two horse hair and one steel, in 3 courses
and is tuned C, F, G.

Mapeh | 2024
 RARANGI
The sārangī is a bowed, short-necked three-
stringed instrument played in traditional music
from South Asia – Punjabi folk music,
Rajasthani folk music, Sindhi folk music, and
Boro folk music (there known as the serja) – in
Pakistan, India and Bangladesh.

Mapeh | 2024
 RARANGI
It is said to most resemble the sound of the
human voice through its ability to imitate vocal
ornaments such as gamaks (shakes) and meends
(sliding movements). The Nepalese Sarangi is
similar but is a folk instrument, unornate and
four-stringed.

Mapeh | 2024
THANK YOU
Presented By : Group 2