DAVAO DE ORO STATE COLLEGE

Agriculture Department

Use of asexually
propagated materials
Vegetative propagules derived from roots, stems and leaves and asexually propagated seedlings are used
as planting materials. The advantages in the use of propagules are:
1) the resulting plants breed true-to-type;
2) applicable for species that do not produce seeds or those that may produce seeds but are hard to
germinate;
3) trees are usually smaller and bear fruits earlier;
4) useful for species with distinct maleness and femaleness as in pili and rambutan.

DAVAO DE ORO STATE COLLEGE

College of Agriculture
 The kinds of vegetative propagules are:

1. Runners, which are specialized growing stem structures

which arise from the leaf axils of the plant and form root of
their own that render them excellent propagating materials.
Species are strawberry and blackpepper

2. Slips, which are leafy shoots which arise from axillary buds
which are produced at the base of the plant or peduncle of the
fruit as in pineapple.

DAVAO DE ORO STATE COLLEGE

College of Agriculture
3. Suckers, which are adventitious shoots that arise from underground
stems below the ground. Examples are banana and abaca.

4. Corms, which are underground solid stern structures which contain

nodes and intermodes. The corm may be divided into several seed
pieces. Examples are banana and abaca.

DAVAO DE ORO STATE COLLEGE

College of Agriculture
5. Root cuttings, which are used in the propagation of breadfruit.

6. Leaf-bud cuttings, which are derived from axillary buds in stem

and leaf. The stems bearing the buds are cut into pieces and inserted
in a rooting medium. Examples are blackppper and vanilla.

DAVAO DE ORO STATE COLLEGE

College of Agriculture
7. Stem cutting which can be used in propagating
sineguelas, macopa, grapes, blackpepper, vanilla and
kapok.

8. Asexual materials resulting from layerage,

marcotting, graftage, budding as practical with many
tree species

DAVAO DE ORO STATE COLLEGE

College of Agriculture
 Budding

Marcotting Graftage

DAVAO DE ORO STATE COLLEGE

College of Agriculture
9. Plant lets derived from actively dividing and growing
tissues and callus through test-tube or bottle
micropropagation techniques using artificial media
have been commercialized in the propagation of
bananas, abaca and orchids. Same technique has been
found successful in the propagation of bamboos and
rattan.

DAVAO DE ORO STATE COLLEGE

College of Agriculture
 True-breeding makapuno trees are commercially available at UPLB and lately,in two
research stations of the Philippine Coconut Authority(PCA)through the successful use of
embryo culture techniques in the laboratory. The technique was developed by Dr. Emerita
V. de Guzman at UP Los Baños.

Since micropropagation techniques are done under aseptic or sterilized conditions, the
resulting plants are free of bacterial and fungal diseases.To ascertain that the explants will
be free of virus and mycoplasmal diseases, the source should be indexed as disease-free
using the ELISA (enzyme-linked, immuno-sorbent assay) technique.

DAVAO DE ORO STATE COLLEGE

College of Agriculture
 Nursery operations

DAVAO DE ORO STATE COLLEGE

College of Agriculture
The nursery is the place where starting plant materials are grown,cared for and maintained until the
plants are ready for transfer to the permanent site for commercial growing.

1.Germination or rooting beds

Use of germination or rooting beds in a confined area used solely for germinating seeds and
seednuts or rooting of cuttings. For seed germination, ordinary soil will do but for rooting purposes,
the medium should be of light textured material such as a mixture of sand,garden soil and organic
matter.

2.Potting/Transferring
As soon as seeds or seednuts have germinated or cuttings have adequately rooted, immediate
transfer of seedlings to individual containers for optimal growth, boosting development with fertilizer
and regular water.

DAVAO DE ORO STATE COLLEGE

College of Agriculture
The individual containers that may be used are pots made of peat or unfired clay but most practical are
the hick black plastic bags which are available in different sizes. The appropriate sizes (diameter and
depth) are as follows:

• Papaya, coffee, cacao, and pepper: 4-6"x8"

• Guava, atis and guayabano: 6-7"x 10"
• rambutan and durian: 8" x 11" or 9" x 12"
• Coconut: 10-12"x 14"

The plastics are provided with perforations to allow for aeration and drainage. The plastic is removed
during transplanting.

DAVAO DE ORO STATE COLLEGE

College of Agriculture
 Size and age of seedlings
at transplanting

DAVAO DE ORO STATE COLLEGE

College of Agriculture
Transplanting is done when seedlings of some species have attained at least 30 cm in height and
three to four leaves have developed. Age at this stage will vary with species:

Papaya 2 to 3 months Jackfruit and guayabano 4 to 6 monthss

DAVAO DE ORO STATE COLLEGE

College of Agriculture
Guava 3 to 4 months Lanzones 6 to 8 months Cacao 3 to 6 months

DAVAO DE ORO STATE COLLEGE

College of Agriculture
 Oil palm requires an older age of 8 to
Coffee 6 to 10months Coconut 6 to 9 months when 15 months when seedlings have
leaves began to split developed 5 to 8 leaves

DAVAO DE ORO STATE COLLEGE

College of Agriculture
Shade management in
nursery

DAVAO DE ORO STATE COLLEGE

College of Agriculture
 Seedlings of all crops need some shade while getting started in the germination and rooting bed.
After "pricking" and transfer to pots and polybags in the nursery area, seedlings of crops like mango,
coconuts, and citrus can be exposed to full sunlight whereas those of coffee, cacao, rambutan,
mangosteen, blackpepper, lanzones, grafted and budded planting materials will need 25 to 50% partial
shade.

Shade may be provided by natural shade trees or artificial structures and materials like nets, bamboo
slats, coconut fronds or plastics.

DAVAO DE ORO STATE COLLEGE

College of Agriculture
 Thank you :)

DAVAO DE ORO STATE COLLEGE

College of Agriculture