TRANSFORMER

CHAPTER 8
FUNCTION AND STRUCTURE OF
A TRANSFORMER
 A transformer is a device used for stepping
up or stepping down the voltage of an
alternating current.
 a) A transformer consist of laminated soft
iron plates with two coils of insulated
wire wound them.
b) the coil wire which carries the input
alternating current is called the
primary coil.
 c) the coil of wire which carries the
output alternating current is called the
secondary coil.

 When an alternating current flows into the

primary coil, a magnetic field is set up
around the iron core. This induces an
alternating current in the secondary coil.
 Laminated soft iron plates are used to form
the core in order to reduce the loss energy in
the form of heat in the core.
 SET-UP AND SET-DOWN
TRANSFORMER
 Set-up transformer:

a) A step-up transformer has more

turns of wire in the secondary coil
then in the primary coil.
b) The input voltage is stepped up so
that the output voltage is greater
than the input voltage.
c) The output alternating current is
smaller than the input current.
 Set-down transformer:

a) A step-down transformer has more

turns of wire in the primary coil
than in the secondary oil.
b) The input voltage is stepped-down
so that the output voltage is smaller
than the input voltage.
c) The output alternating current is
greater than the input current.
A COMPARISON OF THE VOLTAGE AND THE
CURRENT IN A STEP-UP AND A STEP-DOWN
TRANSFORMER IS GIVEN BELOW.

SET-UP

INPUT OUTPUT
VOLTAGE CURRENT VOLTAGE CURRENT

LOWER HIGHER HIGHER LOWER

SET-DOWN

INPUT OUTPUT
VOLTAGE CURRENT VOLTAGE CURRENT

HIGHER LOWER LOWER HIGHER

 A transformer is never 100% efficient. This
is because of
i. Resistance in the coils.
ii. Energy last in the form of heat in
the iron core.

 The efficiency of a transformers is

raised by:
i. Using copper wires for the coil
copper has a lower resistance.
ii. Using laminated soft iron plates to
form the core (this reduce the
amount of heat produced in the
core).
 The relationship between the voltage and
the number of turns of wire in the coils is
given by the following equation.

Primary Input Voltage (VP) Number of Turns in Primary (NP)

Secondary Output Voltage Number of Turns in Secondary
(Vs) oil (Ns)
 Marked Example:
A transformer has 100 turns of wire in the primary
coil and 200 turns in the secondary coil. What is the
output voltage supplied to the primary coil is 10V?

Solution:

NP
Vs

Vs = 10 x 200 V = 20V
100

10 = 100
Vs 200
 MUNIRAH
MUSTAKIM

SAFIYAH HASSIM

THE SHARIFAH ISMAIL

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