STATISTICS

AND
NUMERICAL
METHODS
MA22201
UNIT I TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS 12

Statistical hypothesis -Type I and Type II errors - Large sample tests based on Normal
distribution for single mean and difference of means -Tests based on t distribution for single
mean and equality of means - Test based on F distribution for equality of variances - Chi
square test for single variance and goodness of fit - Independence of attributes - Contingency
table : Analysis of r c tables.

UNIT II DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS 12

General principles – Analysis of variance (ANOVA) - One way classification - Completely

randomized design (CRD) – Two way classification - Randomized block design (RBD) – Three
way classification -Latin square design(LSD) – Two factor experiments: 2 2 factorial design

UNIT III NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF EQUATIONS 12

Solution of algebraic and transcendental equations - Fixed point iteration method – Newton
Raphson method - Solution of linear system of equations - Gauss elimination method - Gauss
Jordan method – Iterative methods of Gauss Jacobi and Gauss Seidel .
UNIT IV INTERPOLATION, NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION AND 12

INTEGRATION
Newton’s forward and backward interpolation – Interpolation with unequal intervals
- Lagrange’s interpolation- Divided differences - Newton’s divided difference -
Approximation of derivates using interpolation polynomials – Numerical integration
using Trapezoidal and Simpson’s 1/3, 3/8 rules- Numerical double integration:
Trapezoidal and Simpson’s rules.

UNIT V NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL 12

EQUATIONS
Single step methods : Taylor’s series method - Euler’s method - Modified Euler’s
method - Fourth order Runge-Kutta method for solving first order equations - Multi
step methods : Milne’s and Adams - Bash forth predictor corrector methods for
solving first order equations.

TOTAL: 60 PERIODS
UNIT - I

TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS
Statistical hypothesis -Type I and Type II errors
- Large sample tests based on Normal
distribution for single mean and difference of
means -Tests based on t distribution for single
mean and equality of means - Test based on F
distribution for equality of variances - Chi square
test for single variance and goodness of fit -
Independence of attributes - Contingency table :
Analysis of r x c tables.
COURSE OUTCOMES:

At the end of the course, the students will be able to:

Define the basic concepts of statistical tests, ANOVA, iterative methods,

CO1: interpolations and ODE.

Discuss the techniques of statistical tests and design of experiments.

CO2:

Explain the solution of equations, ODE, single and multistep methods,

CO3: interpolations, differentiation and integration.

Apply the concept of testing of hypothesis and design of experiment in real life.
CO4:

Apply numerical techniques in system of equations, differential equations,

CO5: interpolation, differentiation and integration.
 TEXT BOOKS:
Grewal. B.S. and Grewal. J.S., “Numerical Methods in Engineering and Science ", 10 th
1.
Edition, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 2015.
Johnson, R.A., Miller, I and Freund J., “Miller and Freund’s Probability and Statistics for
2.
Engineers", Pearson Education, Asia, 9th Edition, 2016.
REFERENCES:
1. Burden, R.L and Faires, J.D, "Numerical Analysis”, 9th Edition, Cengage Learning, 2016.

2. Devore. J.L., "Probability and Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences”, Cengage
Learning, New Delhi, 8th Edition, 2014.
3. Gerald. C.F. and Wheatley. P.O. "Applied Numerical Analysis” Pearson Education, Asia,
New Delhi, 2006.
4. Spiegel. M.R., Schiller. J. and Srinivasan. R.A., "Schaum’s Outlines on Probability and
Statistics, 4th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Edition, 2012.

5. Walpole. R.E., Myers. R.H., Myers. S.L. and Ye. K., “Probability and Statistics for
Engineers and Scientists", 9th Edition, Pearson Education, Asia, 2012.
Course
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
outcomes

CO1 3 2 - - - - - - - - - 1

CO2 3 2 - - - - - - - - - 1

CO3 3 2 - - - - - - - - - 1

CO4 3 2 - - - - - - - - - 1

CO5 3 2 - - - - - - - - - 1

CO 3 2 - - - - - - - - - 1
POPULATIONS AND SAMPLES

Sample data ‘represents’ the whole population

 Population
 A group of individuals(objects) under
study is called population or universe.
 The population may be finite or
infinite.
 Sample
 A finite subset of a population is
called a sample.
 The number of individuals in a sample
is called the sample size.
 Random sample
 A random sample is one in which
each element of the population has
an equal chance of being included
in it.
 Sampling:
 The process of selecting of a
sample from a population is called
sampling.
 Sample size:
 The number of items selected in a
sample is called the sample size
and it is denoted by ‘n’.
 If n >30, the sample is called large
sample and if n <30, it is called
small sample.
 Sampling distribution:
 All possible samples of given size are taken
from the population and for each sample, the
statistic is calculated. The values of the
statistic form its sampling distribution.
 Standard Error.
 The standard deviation of the sampling
distribution of a statistic is known as its
Standard Error, abbreviated as S.E.
 Hypothesis:
 Hypothesis is a statement about the values
of the population parameter.
 Tests of hypothesis:
 Procedures which enable us to decide
whether to accept or reject hypothesis are
called tests of hypothesis (tests of
significance)
TYPE I AND TYPE II ERRORS
True State of Nature
The null The null
hypothesis is hypothesis is
true false
Type I error
We decide to Correct
(rejecting a true
reject the decision
Decision

null hypothesis)
null hypothesis

Type II error
We fail to Correct
(rejecting a false
reject the decision
null hypothesis)
null hypothesis


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 Critical Region:
 The area under the standard normal curve
where we reject the null hypothesis.{region
of rejection or critical region}
 The rest of the region is called the region of
acceptance.
 Critical Value:
 The value of test statistic which separates
the critical (or rejection) region and the
acceptance region is called the critical value
or significant value.
 CRITICAL REGION

 Set of all values of the test statistic that would cause a rejection of
the null hypothesis Critical
Regions

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CRITICAL VALUE
Value (s) that separates the critical region
from the values that would not lead to a
rejection of H 0

Reject H0 Fail to reject H0

Critical Value
( z score )
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SUMMARY OF ONE- AND TWO-TAIL
TESTS

One-Tail Test Two-Tail Test One-Tail Test

(left tail) (right tail)

H0 : µ ≥ µ 0 H0 : µ = µ 0 H0 : µ ≤ µ 0
H1 : µ < µ 0 H1 : µ ≠ µ 0 H1 : µ > µ 0

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 Test of Significance for Single Mean
To test the significant difference between the sample mean and the

population mean μ, the statistic is given by

x 
z

n

where n- sample size and σ – S.D. of the population.

If the population S.D. is not known, then the statistic is
x 
z
s
n
 Large sample tests.
 Test of Significance for Single Mean.
 Sample size:

 E – estimated mean within true mean

TEST OF SIGNIFICANCE FOR
DIFFERENCE OF MEAN

 To test the significant difference between x1 and x2 , the

test of statistic is given by

x1  x2
z
 12  22

n1 n2