Status of Design and Procurement

Activities in JT-60SA
P. Barabaschi, Y. Kamada, S. Ishida
for the JT-60SA Integrated Project Team
EU: F4E-CEA-ENEA-CNR/RFX-KIT-CRPP-CIEMAT-SCKCEN
JA: JAEA

1
BA Agreement

JT-60SA

IFERC Together with IFERC and IFMIF-

EVEDA, JT-60SA is part of the
« Broader Approach » agreement
signed between Euratom and Japan
Entered into force in 2007

IFMIF-EVEDA
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JT-60SA Objectives
• A combined project of the ITER Satellite Tokamak Program of JA-EU
(Broader Approach) and National Centralized Tokamak Program in Japan.
• Contribute to the early realization of fusion energy by its exploitation to
support the exploitation of ITER and research towards DEMO.

ITER

DEMO

Complement
Support ITER ITER
towards DEMO

JT-60SA 3
The New Load Assembly
• JT60-U: Copper Coils (1600 T), Ip=4MA, Vp=80m3
• JT60-SA: SC Coils (400 T), Ip=5.5MA, Vp=135M3
JT-60U JT-60SA JT-60SA(A≥2.5,Ip=5.5 MA)
ITER
(A=3.1,15 MA)
3.0m

6.2m
~2.5m ~4m

1.8m
KSTAR (A=3.6, 2 MA)

1.7m
EAST (A=4.25,1 MA)
1.1m
4
SST-1 (A=5.5, 0.22 MA)
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High Beta and Long Pulse
• JT-60SA is a fully superconducting tokamak capable of confining break-
even equivalent class high-temperature deuterium plasmas (Ipmax=5.5 MA)
lasting for a duration (typically 100s) longer than the timescales
characterizing the key plasma processes, such as current diffusion and
particle recycling.
• JT-60SA should pursue full non-inductive steady-state operations with high
N (> no-wall ideal MHD stability limits).

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Plasma Shaping

• JT-60SA will explore the plasma configuration optimization for ITER and DEMO
with a wide range of the plasma shape including the shape of ITER, with the
capability to produce both single and double null configurations.

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Ip=5.5MA, Lower Single Null Ip=5.5MA, Double Null Ip=4.6 MA ITER like
Phased Research Plan
• Exploitation within the BA period will aim at the initial research phase:
- HH operation for plasma full commissioning
- DD operation for identification of the issues in preparation for full DD
operation

• Principles of “Joint Exploitation” later phases agreed between EU and JA

• Detailed “Research Plan” jointly prepared

Annual
Expected Remote Max
Phase Neutron Divertor P-NB N-NB ECRF Power x Time
Duration Handling Power
Limit
1.5MW
Initial phase I 1-2 y H - LSN 10MW x100s 23MW
Research partial +
Phase phase II 2-3y D 4E19 R&D monoblock 1.5MW 33MW NB: 20MW x 100s
Perp. x5s 30MW x 60s
13MW duty = 1/30

Integrated phase I 2-3y D 4E20 LSN 10MW

Tang. ECRF: 100s
Research full- 37MW
Phase monoblock 7MW
phase II >2y D 1E21 7MW
Use
Extended
Research >5y D 1.5E21 DN 24MW 41MW 41MW x 100s
Phase 7
Project Structure
BA Agreement foresees
• Very limited size Project Team with mainly coordination functions
• Procurement Arrangements signed between Implementing Agencies
• -> “collaboration” between EU and JA.
• Considering this arrangement, a Common Management and Quality Program
was developed to define R&R and common processes
JA Government EURATOM

Broader Approach
Steering Committee
STP Project Committee (SC)

Project Team
IPT

EU Home Team JA Home Team

F4E+CEA+ENEA JAEA
+CRPP+SCK-CEN
+CIEMAT+FZK 8
Sharing
Japan and EU implement in-kind contributions for components.
Existing JT-60U facilities will also be utilized.

Power Supplies
Compressor Building

TF coils&Testing CS, EF coils Water Cooling

System

NBI
Cryogenic System

Cryostat ECRF

Diagnostics

Vacuum Vessel

In-vessel Components
Assembly Remote Handling
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Baseline Schedule
-Start of Tokamak Assembly: Early 2012
-Completion of Tokamak Assembly: October 2015
-First Plasma: Mid 2016.

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Device re-baselining
• In late 2007, cost concerns prompted the Parties to request a re-design of the
device.
• Several ways to reduce costs were found in “old” design:

• Issues found:
 Maximum field in TF conductor rather large for cost effective NbTi@4.5K design
(Operation point : 6.5T at 5K, with 1K temperature margin).
 Conductor hot spot temp was unnecessarily low
 Structures rather heavy and complex to fabricate – multiple coil types
 Nuclear heating too conservatively estimated
 Interference issues between coils and vacuum vessel
• Solution:
 Reduce TF field, decrease SC strands volume (segregation), decrease Cu section
 Optimise structural design
 Recover plasma performance lost by field reduction by plasma volume increase made
possible by reduction of magnet size
 Rationalise requirements and ports
• In parallel some other problems were addressed:
 Seismic Loads to be managed by supports
 Peak TF Ripple in Plasma to be reduced to 0.5%
 Inductive flux for plasma operation to be increased to reach 100s flattop

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Operation at >6T costly for 4.5K-NbTi

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Aspect Ratio Optimised

•
R/a is the real only free parameter in the design of a Tokamak for a given nT
• Trade-off between volume and power density
• R/a determines important engineering factors
 Access to In-Vessel Components
 Wall power density
 Field and technology of magnets
 Mechanical loads
 ..
• Optimum A is largely a function of technology, machine size, and scaling laws
The Toroidal Field, and the density increase with Aspect Ratio
The Plasma volume the Plasma Current, and E decrease with Aspect Ratio

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Main Results of re-Design on TF Magnet
2007 Design
NEW
CDR
IDR
2007
2008
TF Total TF Energy [GJ] 1.51 1.06
TF coils # 18
TF Tension [MN] 6.80 4.70
Number of turns in 1 coil 90 72
Peak Field [T] 6.43 5.65
Total length of conductor [km] 30.0 24.4
Total Structure Mass [ton] ~650 ~280
Strand type NbTi
Conductor current [kA] 25.3 25.7
Cable space dimensions [mm] 25.1x25.1 18x22
N SC Strands 720 324
N Cu Strands - 162
Tmarg (after burn) [K] ~1.1 ~1.4
SC Strand mass in windings of 18
New Design 92 34
coils [ton]
Segregated copper mass in 18 coils [ton] - 14 14
Main Results of re-Design

Additional Design Changes:

•Cryoplant: heat load re-assessed based on new

operation scenarios with reduced neutron yield
and reduction of magnet cold structure. From
16kW to ~10kW and much improved dynamics
•Cryostat: Single Wall with simplified geometry
•Vacuum Vessel: Better distribute VV ports to
provide a simpler out of plane support to the TF
magnet structure. Reduction of shells
•PF system:
•Balance the distribution of turns in the EF
system,
•6 Coils (Vs 7),
•Broader betap-li range,
•28% less conductor
•4 Independent CS coils (Vs 3)
•TF Ripple Lowered: with Ferritic Insert will be
<0.5%
•Inductive Flux Increased: to ensure 100s flattop
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Machine Parameters

• After successful completion of the re-baselining in late 2008, the JT-60SA

project was launched with the new design with the following parameters.
Cryostat
Basic machine parameters
P-NBI P-NBI
Plasma Current 5.5 MA
Toroidal Field, Bt 2.25 T
Major Radius, Rp 2.96 ECH
Minor Radius, a 1.18
Elongation, X 1.95
Triangularity, X 0.53
N-NBI
Aspect Ratio, A 2.5
Shape Parameter, S 6.7
Safety Factor, q 95 ~3
Flattop Duration 100 s
Heating & CD Power 41 MW
N-NBI 10 MW
P-NBI 24 MW
ECRF 7 MW
Divertor wall load 15 MW/m２
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Heating and CD Systems

Variety of heating/current-drive/ momentum-input combinations

NB: 34MWx100s
Positive-ion-source NB
85keV
12units x 2MW=24MW
COx2u, 4MW
CTRx2u, 4MW
Perpx8u, 16MW

Negative-ion-source NB
500keV, 10MW
Off-axis for NBCD

ECRF: 110GHz, 7MW x 100s

9 Gyrotrons,
4 Launchers with movable mirror

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 Negative ion beam up to 500keV
Voltage resistance of ion source was remarkably improved by optimizing the electrode spacing:
1)interelectrode distance was widened based on the newly acquired voltage-resistance characteristics for
large electrodes (160cm), which had not been known well,
2)this optimization ensured good beam convergence as well.

H- beam of 500keV/3A (WR) was stably produced satisfies the JT-60SA requirement
•This methodology is applicable to ITER NBI with multi-grid with similar size.

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160cm 18
 Long pulse development on ECRF
High power 2.0
Achieved by using new
• New technique to instantaneously technique in 2009
1.5 times higher
enter high efficiency (~45%) operation

Gyrotron output power [MW]

1.5
regime (so called ‘hard-self-excitation 1.5 MW for 4 s

region’), by utilizing flexible voltage 1.0

Collector
control of the triode electron gun. Upper limit of the
present-day gyrotrons
 0.5

1.5 MW for 4s (WR) RF Window

0
0.1 1 10 DC Break
Pulse length [s]
Long pulse Mode Convertor
• Improved mode convertor successfully Cavity
reduced the diffracted RF in the 60 Original mode convertor Electron Gun
gyrotron, resulting in remarkable
DCブレーク水温度上昇[℃]

50 Improved mode
rise

reduction in DC break temperature. 40 convertor JT-60 Gyrotron

Temperature

 30
1MW for 17s 20
(deg)

10
Promising for 1MW for 100s RF Oscillation
0
required in JT-60SA 19
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 19
time [s]
Magnet

• All SC Magnet
 Nb3Sn for CS
 NbTi for TF, EF
• 18 TF Coils
• 6 EF Coils
• 4 CS independent modules

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Conductors
Coil TF CS
Type of strands NbTi Nb3Sn
Operating current (kA) 25.7 20
Nominal peak field (T) 5.65 ~9
Operating temperature (K) <5K <5.1K
Number of SC strands/Cu strands 324 / 162 216 / 108
Local void fraction (%) 32 34 TFC conductor
Cable dimensions (mm) 18.0 x 22.0 Φ21.0
Central hole (id x od) (mm) - 7x9
Conductor ext. dimensions (mm) 22.0 x 26.0 27.9 x 27.9

Conductor type EF-H EF-L

No. of coils EF3, 4 EF1, 2, 5, 6
Type of strand NbTi ← CS conductor
Operating current (kA) 20.0 ←
Nominal peak field (T) 6.2 4.8
Operating temperature (K) 5.0 4.8
Number of SC/Cu strands 450 / 0 216 / 108
Local void fraction (%) 34 34
Cable dimensions (mm) 21.8 19.1
Central hole (id x od) (mm) 7x9 ←
Conductor ex. dimensions (mm) 27.7 25.0 EF-L&H conductor
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TF Magnet features
• Cable in Conduit Conductor , 72 turns, 25.7kA each
• 6 double pancakes, 6 turns/pancake. Helium inlets in
high field side – joints in external low field side
• Windings enclosed in Steel Casings
• Steel casings supported to ground vertically and
toroidally - connected in inboard curved regions by
“Inner Intercoil Structure”
• Steel casings guided toroidally by “Outer Intercoil
Structure” to support out of plane loads.

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View of Magnet - assembly

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View of Magnet – OIS only

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TFC Procurement

• Conductor Samples Tested successfully (1

from France , 1 from Italy)
• Detailed Technical Specifications completed
• Tenders for production strand and conductor
completed
• Tenders for coils underway

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PF Coils – on site manufacturing
• Two buildings were constructed in
Naka Site in 2009.
Two large PF coils (EF-1&6
coils) of 12m in diameter will
be manufactured in this
building because they are too
680 m
big to be transported by
JT-60 using public road.

(2) PF coil manufacturing building constructed in March 2009

Winding machine Cable spool area

Jacketing line

(1) PF conductor manufacturing building constructed in March 2009

12m
The first superconducting conductor of 450m for the EF-4 coil
has been completed in March 2010. 26
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PF Conductors

･ Jacketing the superconducting cables and winding them around drums 3 m in diameter
underway at the Superconducting Conductor Jacketing Building at the Naka Fusion Institute

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TFC Cold Tests
• All TFC will be cold (4.5K) tested at full current before shipping to Japan
• Test Facility will be in CEA-Saclay
• PA prepared with test facility specifications and cold testing specifications
 HV Tests
 Leak Tests
 Flow, Pressure Drop
 Dimensional Stability during and after cooldown
 Resistance, Joints
 Tmargin, Quench tests (2 coils)
• Cryostat and jigs being fabricated.
• Cryostat to be delivered in Saclay in first half 2011

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Power Supplies
• Largely a full new set of Power Supplies compatible with long pulse
operation have been designed and will be procured. These will include:
• TFC, grouped in 3 units of 6 coils
 6 pulse unidirectional, 26kA, 80V
 3 Fast Discharge QPC Units (1.5KV to ground)
• PFC, each coil with:
 12 pulse, 20kA, ~1KV
 Booster (old units) or new Switching Network Unit
 Fast Discharge QPC Unit
• In-vessel Coils

• QPC Units: Under final tendering phase

• SCM-PS:
 Technical Specs completed,
 Procurement Arrangement in final stage
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Vacuum Vessel

• Double Walled
• 18mm+18mm
• Boronised Water
interspace (~160mm)
• 200C Baking

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Vacuum Vessel (2)

• Manufacturing Trials of inboard and outboard underway

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MHD Control in-vessel components
Error
Error Field
Field Correction
Correction Coil
Coil (EFCC)
(EFCC)
••toroidal
toroidal 66 xx poloidal
poloidal 22 coils
coils (TBD)
(TBD)
••30kAT
30kAT (TBD)
(TBD)
••frequency
frequency ~100Hz
~100Hz (TBD)
(TBD)
••RMP
RMP for
for ELM
ELM control
control
Fast
Fast Position
Position Control
Control Coil
Coil (FPCC)
(FPCC)
••upper
upper and
and lower
lower coils
coils
••120kATurn
120kATurn
••time
time response
response <10ms
<10ms
••VDE
VDE

RWM
RWM control
control Coil
Coil (RWMC)
(RWMC)
••toroidal
toroidal 66 xx poloidal
poloidal 33 coils
coils (TBD)
(TBD)
••20kAT
20kAT (TBD)
(TBD)

Stabilizing
Stabilizing Plate
Plate
••SUS316L
SUS316L
••Double
Double Shell
Shell
32
••VDE
VDE && RWM
RWM 32
Thermal Shields
• Detailed design nearly completed
• Assembly studies underway
• Fabrication Trials underway

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Cryostat

• Originally (2007):
 spherical
 double walled
 with concrete shielding.
• Now:
 Faceted
 Single wall
 No concrete
• Two parts (~650 Tonnes):
 Main machine support
 Cylindrical and lid
• Procurement of Base started.
Contract placed. Material
procurement underway.
Welding trials
• First component to be installed
in torus hall. Delivery in Naka
planned for Mid 2012
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Plasma facing Components
All of plasma facing components (PFCs) shall be actively cooled due to long
pulse. Carbon tiles bolted on water-cooled heatsinks and brazed CFC
monoblock divertor targets will be used.
During redesign the divertor shape was optimised to allow wide range of
plasma shapes
The Divertor cassette has an integrated coolant pipe connection for PFCs
Each cassette can be installed and replaced by remote handling (RH)
systems similar to those for ITER blanket through large horizontal port.
The PFCs on each divertor cassette are designed as replaceable in hot cell
after removal of the cassette from VV.
The Cryopanels for divertor pumping are installed under the cassette.
RH compatible connectors for diagnostics on cassette and special gaps
between cassettes for diagnostics view are included

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Divertor Cassette
Outer Baffle ： 0.3 ～ 1MW/m2
Bolted CFC and Graphite tiles

Cover for Pipe Connection ： 0.3MW/m2

Outer target:1 ～ 10*MW/m2 Bolted Graphite tiles exchanged by RH
Bolted CFC tiles
exchanged by hand in hot-cell

• CFC (type I and II) materials at

the first stage were delivered at
Naka in March 2009.

• Development of the divertor target

Divertor cassette is in progress to examine brazing
Outer target (40 degree):10 ～ 15MW/m2
CFC monoblock target
for the divertor target.

• Fully water cooled PFC, in which CFC monoblock targets are partially installed.
• Carbon tiles are bolted on cooled heat sinks.
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• RH compliant divertor cassette is adopted for future maintenance. 36
Cryoplant
~10kW Refrigerator (originally 16kW)
Strong effort in magnet design devoted to
minimization of peaked loads by
increasing as much as possible time
constants.
Full TH model of TF magnet developed
detailed industrial studies completed by 2
companies
Technical Specifications preparation
almost completed
4,7 slice n°6 central pancacke
slice n°8 lateral pancake
T(K)

slice n°8 central pancake n°2

4,6

4,5

time(s)

4,4
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
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JT-60 Disassembly underway

Mar. 2010
High Voltage Deck of N-NBI Neutron Shielding Wall

Torus Hall
Assembly Hall Sep. 2010 38
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Signed Procurement Arrangements

PA Entry into force Party

TF coils 12 Jul. 2010 EU
PF conductors 4 Oct. 2007 JA
PF coils manufacturing 12 Feb. 2009 JA
HTS Current Leads 8 Feb. 2010 EU
Vacuum Vessel 28 Jan. 2008 JA
Raw materials for In-vessel components 28 Jan. 2008 JA
Divertor components 12 Feb. 2009 JA
Quench protection circuits 3 Dec. 2009 EU
Cryostat base 7 Dec. 2009 EU
PF coil manufacturing buildings 29 Jun. 2008 JA
Building for VV sector-assembly 9 Oct. 2009 JA

• Other key PAs in final preparation phase: SCM-Power Supplies, Cryoplant,

Cryostat Body…

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Conclusions

• JT-60SA has undergone a major rebaselining in 2008 in order to

reduce costs while maintaining its objectives
• After successful completion of this re-baselining, the project has
made a large progress in designing, manufacturing, planning and
site preparation
• The procurement implementation for the components has
progressed with relevant contracts following the PAs for the
supply of PF coils, vacuum vessel and divertor by Japan and
power supply, cryostat, current leads and TF magnet by EU. The
majority of the PAs are either signed or in final preparation
• Manufacturing activities are now underway
• Finally, the
t JT-60SA research plan has already started to be
jointly developed between EU and JA for future exploitation in
JT-60SA.
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