COMPUTER NETWORK

&
WEB TECHNOLOGY
FORM 3 – INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
February 8th 2024
MISS M. JOHN BAPTISTE
NETWORK LAYOUTS
OBJECTIVES:
1. What is Network Topology

2. The Three (3) Main Type Of Layout For A Computer Network:

a. Star Network
b. Bus Network
c. Ring Network
NETWORK LAYOUT (TOPOLOGY)

Definition: Network Topology refers to the

configuration of cables, computers, and other
peripherals (such as printers and scanners).

There are three (3) main types of layout of computer

networks: star, bus and ring.
Star Network
All the nodes (computers) are connected to a central hub. This means that
each computer has its own connection to the network and if there is a break
in a cable, it will not affect the operation of the other computers. However, if
the hub breaks down, then all computers on the hub will not work.
STAR TOPOLOGY
Bus Network
This is the simplest type of topology where the nodes are in a line. Bus
networks are cheap and reliable, but if there is a break in the cable, the
network is split into two unconnected parts. Bus networks are slower
than star networks.
BUS NETWORK TOPOLOGY
Ring Network
unlike a bus network, a ring network has no end to the line. The last
node is connected to the first node, forming a ring or loop. If a cable
breaks, it will affect all computers on the network. Ring networks are
also slower than star networks
RING NETWORK TOPOLOGY
COMMUNICATION MODES
OBJECTIVES:
1. Communication Modes
a. Point-to-Point
b. Broadcast
2. Direction Of Data Flow
a. Simplex
b. Half-Duplex
c. Full -Duplex
3. Bandwidth
a. Narrow-band
b. Voice - band
c. Broadband
Data Communication:
Data communication is the transmission of data and information between two or
more computers.
A data communication system is made up of hardware, software and
communications facilities. It may consist of computer terminals and other
input/output devices linked together in a small area, or it can also consist of
computers linked together on a global scale.
Data communication is essential for electronic mail (e-mail), voicemail, facsimile
(fax), telecommuting, video conferencing, electronic data interchange (EDI),
global positioning systems (GPS), bulletin board systems (BBS), on-line services
and the Internet
Data Communication Channels

The data is transmitted via data communication channels.

These channels are categorized according to their:
● Transmission speed (bandwidth)
● Direction of data flow
● Transmission/Communication modes
Communication Modes
Computers can be linked in different ways or configurations to transmit
data.
Two configurations are:
1. Point-To-Point: a direct link between two computers in a network e.g. bus
and ring networks.
2. Broadcast: using one computer to transmit data and information to serve
the needs of several terminals or computers connected to it in a network e.g.
star network
Direction of Data Flow

Transmission modes can be classified according to

the direction in which the data flows.
Simplex
Data in a simplex line can flow in only one direction (just like traffic on
a one-way street). It is a ‘send-only’ or ‘receive-only’ line. Examples
include radio, TV, public address systems etc.
Half-Duplex
Data in a half-duplex line can travel in both directions, but not at the
same time. In other words, data can be sent or received at any given
time, e.g. a walkie-talkie.
Full-Duplex
Data in a full-duplex line can be sent and received at the same time
(like traffic on a two-way street). Examples include: modems and
telephones (both mobile and landlines).
BANDWIDTH

Bandwidth determines the volume of data that can be

transmitted in a given time. The wider the bandwidth,
the more data it can transmit. Bandwidths can be
grouped into three classes: narrow-band, voice-band
and broad-band.
Narrow-band:
This type of channel, such as for a telegraph system, can transmit data
at slow speeds of between 10 to 30 characters per second (cps).
Voice-band:
This type of channel can transmit data at the rate of 1000 to 8000 cps.
A telephone line is voice-band and is one of the most widely used
methods of transferring data.
Broad-band:
Transmits large volumes of data at speeds of over 100,000 cps. Coaxial
cables, fibre-optic cables, microwave links and communication
satellites are commonly used to provide these channels.