APC, MHC &

IMMUNOGENICITY
ASHRA SINDHIKKAA M
Hematopoiesis
 Myeloid cells:
WBCs • Types:
• Monocytes • Neutrophils
• Macrophages • Basophils
• Dendritic cells • Eosinophil
• Granulocytes (leukocytes) • Mast cells
• Filled with granules
Monocytes

• 5-10 %
• Phagocytic cells
• Differentiate into macrophages
and dendritic cells
Macrophages

• Diameter- 15-30 µm
• Mononuclear phagocytic cells
(single round nucleus with no
granules)
• APC (Antigen presenting cells) – T
lymphocytes
• Activation- Cytokines of Th cells or
inflammatory response
Activated Macrophages

• Phagocytic activity
• Increased ability to kill ingested
microbes
• Increased secretion of mediators
• Ability to activate T lymphocytes
Dendritic cells

• Covered with long membranous

extensions that resemble the
dendrites of nerve cells
• Both myeloid and lymphoid
• Large adherent motile cells with many
pseudopodia
• APC to T cells
Dendritic cells
• Immature dendritic cells monitor outside lymph
nodes
• When invaded by antigen, capture and process it
• Migrate to lymph nodes and present it to T cells
 Dendritic cells

• Action
• Phagocytosis
• Pinocytosis
• Receptor mediated endocytosis
MHC

• Major Histocompatibility
Complex
• Glycoproteins on surface of APC
• Large cluster of genes -
Chromosome 6
• Present antigen to T cells
• Polygenic
• Polymorphic
Lymphocytes

• Originate in the bone marrow

• Circulates in blood and lymphatic systems
• Types-
• T-cells (70%)
• B-cells (20%)
• NK cells (>5%)
T Lymphocytes

• Arise in bone marrow

• Mature in thymus
• Types:
• T helper (CD4 & MHC II)- Activate Tc
and B cells
• T cytotoxic (CD8 & MHC I) -
Monitoring the cells of the body and
eliminating any cells (foreign)
 B Lymphocytes

• Derived - Pluripotent stem cells

and matures in the bone marrow
• Igs (Surface membrane bound
immunoglobulin) - Antigenic
specific receptors
• Class II MHC & CD40 – CD40L on T
helper cell
Immunogenicity

• Ability of a foreign substance

(antigen) - Provoke an immune
response
• Measure - Vaccine efficacy
• Type of immune responses - Vaccine
generates and their magnitude over
time
• Determination of dosage &
immunization schedules