Group 5

Sociolinguistics
-Nova Indriani
-Satria Lian Perdana
-Muhammad Ashya
-Zhafran N.A.P
-Fikri Salam
-Al Fachrul Rozi
Table of contents
01 02 03
What is Languange Variation and
Languange Attitudes
Sociolinguistics? Change

04 05 06
Languange Identity Languange Power Languange Policy
 01
What is
Sociolinguistics?
Explanation
 Introduction
Sociology studies social structure, organizations,
and behavior, focusing on groups and their
interactions. Linguistics studies phonetics,
morphology, and syntax, focusing on discourses
and texts, and is a separate discipline from other
disciplines. Sociolinguistics studies language
usage and influence by social factors like culture,
context, identity, power, and variation, examining
how people communicate differently and how
language shapes social interactions.
What you will learn?
Sociolinguistics is an interdisciplinary
field that draws on methods and
theories from linguistics, sociology,
anthropology, psychology, and other
disciplines.
Sociolinguistics assumes:
1. Every language has its own variations
2. Every dialect is also varied
3. Human speech is also varied depending on
whom he speaks to
4. Language is closely related to social system
and social structure
5. Language is a system which is not separated
from the characteristics of its speakers, and
the sociocultural values applied by its
speakers
02 Languange Variatioon and
Changes
Language variation and change sociolinguistics
is a subfield of linguistics that studies how
language varies and changes according to social
factors, such as region, class, gender, ethnicity,
age, etc. Language variation and change
sociolinguistics examines the relationship
between language and society, and how they
influence each other.
What it is about
Dialects & Accents
Social varieties of pronouncing language.

Code Switching & Multilingualism

Code-switching, a linguistic behavior in multilingual
contexts, serves identity and solidarity, while
multilingualism encompasses multiple language use and
proficiency, influenced by social, cultural, political, and
economic factors.
Example
Syntactic changes refer to the modifications in the
grammatical structure of a language, such as the
simplification of inflectional endings in English from
Old English to Modern English
03 Languange Attitudes

Definition? What is it?

Function? What is it for?

Example? What is the sample?

Languange & Identity 04
Theoretical
Introduction Approaches
According to sociolinguistic research,
-Social Identity Theory
language is a powerful tool for expressing
one’s identity, both individually and -Poststructuralist Theory
socially. -Investment Theory

Types of identity Case Studies

-Individual Example? Norton, B., & Toohey, K.
-Ethnic (2011). Identity, language
learning, and social
-Social
change. Language Teaching, 44(4),
-National 412-446.
doi:10.1017/S0261444811000309
 05
Languange & Power
According to linguist Shân Wareing, there are three main
types of power: political power, personal power, and social
power.
Theoretical Approaches
Critical Discourses
Analysis
This study explores the role of language in
shaping and maintaining power dynamics in
society, focusing on its ideological and political
aspects.
Systemic Functional
Linguistic
This study examines the use of language in
various contexts, focusing on its
grammatical and semantic features and
their connection to social and cultural
meanings.
Conversation
Analysis
The approach examines the use of language in social
interactions, focusing on its sequential and pragmatic
aspects and their role in establishing and displaying
power dynamics.
Sociocultural Theory
This approach views language as a social
and cultural phenomenon, influenced by
historical and cultural aspects and societal
power relations, mediating human
cognition and activity.
Types of Power
Coercive Legitimate Referent
This type of power is based his type of power is
This type of power is based on a person’s
on the ability to punish based on being trusted
formal right to issue directives or
someone for noncompliance, or respected, such as the
commands because of their position in the
such as through fear of losing boss who treats
organization, such as the CEO’s right to
their job or their annual everyone fairly and with
dictate the strategy.
bonus. respect.

Reward Expert Voice

This type of power is based
on the ability to issue
rewards, such as through a
bonus or allowing time off in
lieu.
This type of power is based on a
person’s experience or knowledge,
Such as gossip,
such as a senior surgeon displaying or backbiting.
expert knowledge for subordinates to
trust them.
 06
Languange Policy
Sociolinguistics considers language rights and nationalism.
People within a country tend to prefer one version of a language
over others. Sociolinguistics advocates for the rights of all
language speakers. Crystal (2003, p. 21) highlights the
significance of movements for minority language rights in many
countries, including the USA. He says that sometimes a
language's decline can be stopped or slowed down, like what
happened with Welsh. Crystal mentions that there are concerns
over things that might threaten the country's future identity
(page 128).
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Conclusion
Sociolinguistics is a branch of linguistics that studies the
relationship between language and society, such as how social
factors influence language variation, change, and attitudes.
Sociolinguistics has its origins in India, Japan, and
Switzerland in the early 20th century, but gained more
attention in the West in the 1960s with the work of William
Labov, Basil Bernstein, William Stewart, and Heinz Kloss.
Sociolinguistics is relevant for language teaching, as it helps
students understand how language is used in different
contexts, situations, and settings, and how learners’ social
identities and backgrounds affect their language acquisition
and use.
References:

● Sociolinguistics and Language Variation | Linguistics (uga.edu)

● Language Variation (languageavenue.com)
● Sociolinguistics - Language, Dialects and Society (thoughtco.com)
● Stratton, J. M. (2023). Where did wer go? Lexical variation and change in third-person male adult noun referents in
Old and Middle English. Language Variation and Change, 35(2), 199-221.
● https://uin-malang.ac.id/r/150301/what-is-sociolinguistics-all-about.html
● Ladegaard, H. J. (2000). Language attitudes and sociolinguistic behaviour: Exploring attitude‐behaviour relations in
language. Journal of sociolinguistics, 4(2), 214-233.
● https://www.cambridge.org/core_title/gb/290946
● https://www.hellovaia.com/explanations/english/language-and-social-groups/language-and-identity/
● https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/sociolinguistics-relation-language-social-identity-shafira-linda
● https://www.sil.org/language-assessment/language-attitudes
● http://www.eurac.edu/en/blogs/connecting-the-dots/how-do-language-and-power-interact
● http://www.hellovaia.com/explanations/english/key-concepts-in-language-and-linguistics/language-and-power/
● http://www.researchgate.net/publication/356776364_The_Power_of_Language_A_Sociolinguistic_Perspective
● Crystal, D. (2003). English as a Global Language (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
● Joseph, J. (2004). Language and identity: National, ethnic, religious. Springer.
● Norton, B., & Toohey, K. (2011). Identity, language learning, and social change. Language teaching, 44(4), 412-446.
● D'Arcy, Alexandra, ' Variation and Change', in Robert Bayley, Richard Cameron, and Ceil Lucas (eds), The Oxford Handbook of
Sociolinguistics, Oxford Handbooks (2013; online edn, Oxford Academic, 28 Jan. 2013)
 Thank You
Arigathanks Gozaimuch
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