Biomaterial Composites

and their Synthesis

Presented to: Dr. Bashar Abdul Sater

Done by:
Sadek Bassam
Carlos Ali Issa

Beirut, 2017
 Outline
• Introduction
• Conventional Composite Processing
Techniques
• Solution-Based Techniques
• Solid Free-Form Fabrication (SFF)
• Biocomposites for Medical Applications
• Carbon Fibers
 ASSIST IN HEALING AID TO DIAGONISE

REPLACEMENT OF DISEASED
CORRECT COSMETIC PROBLEMS OR DAMAGED
PARTS

USE OF BIOMATERIALS

IMPROVE FUNCTION AID TO TREATMENT

CORRECT FUNCTIONAL
ABNORMALITIES
 MATERIALS FOR USE AS BIOMATERIALS

1. Polymer: Nylon, Polytetrafluoroethylene,

Polyurethane, Silicone rubber,

polycaprolactone

2. Metals: Ti, Co-Cr alloy, Stainless Steel, Pt, Au

etc

3. Ceramics: Aluminum oxide, Calcium phosphate,

Hydroxyapitite, Carbon etc

 Introduction
• Biocomposite structures are either
compounds or multi-material composites.
• Production techniques can roughly be divided
according to the form of the base material
used:
1. Solution-based techniques
2. Use of the undiluted biomaterial
3. The composing materials themselves
 Introduction

(a) compounds: a matrix material is reinforced by a dispersion of filler

material; (b) and (c): multi-material: alternating sections of different
materials, that may be compounds themselves.
 Introduction
4 classes of materials:
1. Materials that are viscous at ambient
temperatures (up to 40 °C).
2. Thermoplastic polymer materials.
3. Thermosets.
4. High-temperature components.
 Conventional Composite Processing
Techniques
• Extrusion and Injection for Thermoplastic
Materials:
 Conventional Composite Processing
Techniques
• Filament Winding:
 Conventional Composite Processing
Techniques
• Filament Winding:
 Conventional Composite Processing
Techniques
• Filament Winding (Winding Patterns):
 Conventional Composite Processing
Techniques
• Compression:
 Conventional Composite Processing
Techniques
• Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM):
 Conventional Composite Processing
Techniques
• Sheet Moulding Compound:
 Conventional Composite Processing
Techniques
• Infusion:
 Conventional Composite Processing
Techniques
• Autoclaving:
 Solution-Based Techniques
• Solvent Casting:
 Solution-Based Techniques
• Phase Separation:
 Solution-Based Techniques
• Electrospinning:
 Solid Free-Form Fabrication (SFF)

• Known also as Rapid Prototyping (RP)

• Manufacture objects from 3D production
machines from 3D CAD files
• Higher degree of complexity
• Consists of 2 main features:
1- Solidification
2- Deposition
Solid Free-Form Fabrication (SFF)
 Solidification
• 3D printing for ceramic based
materials:

1. Layer of powder spread on platform

2. Ink-jet printer head deposits drops of

binder* on part cross-section

3. Binder dissolves and joins adjacent

powder particles

4. Table lowered by layer thickness

5. New layer of powder deposited above

previous layer
 Solidification

• Stereolithography: Focusing system Rotating mirror

High-speed
stepper motors
He-Cd Laser

1. Raw material is photocurable UV beam

for resin depth

Sensor system
monomer
2. UV laser solidifies part cross- Liquid resin

section Part

3. Supporting platform lowers Support structures

the part into the container Platform

He-Ne Laser
Elevation control
4. Cure the part in an oven
 Deposition

Melting head with

• The same principle as XY-motion

solidification
Extrusion nozzles
Build material
Part wire spools:

• The difference is that the Support

(a) Part (b) Support

Foam base
material is dropped on to
the binding factor Z-motion
 Biocomposites for Medical Applications

• Reinforced prostheses  SFF technology

• Bone cements

• Scaffolds for both soft and hard tissue

engineering
Carbon Fibers
 What it is
 Carbon fiber is a long thin strand of carbon atoms that are bonded
together in a honeycomb crystal lattice called Graphene.

 Graphene layers are aligned parallel to the long axis of the strand.

 The strands are usually wound into a yarn then woven into a fabric.

 The fabric is then mixed with epoxy and molded to form the desired
shape.

A 6 μm diameter carbon filament compared

to a human hair.
 How to make it
 Organic Polymers such as Polyacrylonitrile are spun or drawn into
long thin strands.

 Then the strands are heated to a temperature of 1,000-3,000° C for

several minutes in a furnace filled with a gas mixture that does not
contain oxygen.

Fabric made of woven carbon filaments

 CARBON FIBERS

Specific Strength Relative stiffness

 Medical Science Fields
• Used for X-ray inspection
equipment making use of its X-
ray permeability.

• CF are used for surgical outfits

such as artificial legs and braces
utilizing its mechanical features.

• Features of CFRP:
1. Lightweight
2. Easy to handle
THANK YOU