Practical Research 1

COURSE OUTLINE IN
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
(QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH)
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH,
RESEARCH) Ph.D.
I. NATURE OF INQUIRY AND RESEARCH
- What is Inquiry?
- Investigation and Immersion
- What is Research?
- Purposes of Research
- Importance of Research in Daily Life
- Characteristics of Research
- The Seven Steps in the Research Process
- Research Ethics
- Intellectual Property
- Kinds of Research across Fields
RESEARCH) Ph.D.
II. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN
DAILY LIFE
- What is Qualitative Research?
- Nature of Qualitative Research
- Purpose of Qualitative Research
- How Qualitative Research Came into Existence
- Qualitative Research versus Quantitative Research
- Characteristics of Qualitative Research
- Strengths of Qualitative Research
- Weaknesses of Qualitative Research
- When to Use Qualitative Research
- Importance of Qualitative Research in Daily Life
RESEARCH) Ph.D.
III. TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
- Ethnography
- Grounded Theory
- Phenomenology
- Case Study
- Discourse Analysis
- Historical Research
- Biography
- Narrative Report
- Action Research SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH,
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE
Ph.D.
IV. QUALITATIVE DATA GATHERING METHODS
- Interview
- Key Informant Interview (KII)
- Focus Group Discussion (FGD)
- Participant Observation
- Participatory Rapid Appraisal (PRA)
- Document Analysis (Review of Records)
- Tape/Video Recorder
- Content Analysis SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH,
Ph.D.
V. CONSTRUCTING QUALITATIVE RESEARCH TITLES,
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY AND RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
- What is a Research Title?
- What is a Research Question?
- Tips on Constructing Research Questions
- What is a Background of the Study?
- Tips on Doing a Background of the Study
- Examples of Research Titles, Background of the Study and
Research Objectives
- Parts of Senior High School Qualitative Research Paper
RESEARCH) Ph.D.
I. NATURE OF INQUIRY AND RESEARCH
- What is Inquiry?
- Investigation and Immersion
- What is Research?
- Purposes of Research
- Importance of Research in Daily Life
- Characteristics of Research
- The Seven Steps in the Research Process
- Research Ethics
- Intellectual Property
- Kinds of Research across Fields
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH) SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH,
Ph.D.
What is Inquiry?
INQUIRY is an act of asking
questions. It is a process that has the aim
of augmenting knowledge, resolving
doubt or solving problem. In Merriam-
Webster Dictionary, it is synonymous
with the word “investigation”.
RESEARCH) Ph.D.
Investigation and Immersion
INVESTIGATION has a deeper meaning
compared to “inquiry”. It is a systematic examination
of a certain event or phenomenon. IMMERSION is a
process whereby a researcher immerses (deeply
involves) himself in the data gathering activities and
the data he has gathered is carefully read or
examined by him in detail.
Combining the idea of “inquiry”, “investigation”
and “immersion”, the concept of “research” comes
in.
RESEARCH)
SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH,
Ph.D.
What is Research?

RESEARCH) Ph.D.
What is Research?

RESEARCH) Ph.D.
Purposes of Research

RESEARCH) Ph.D.
Importance of Research in Daily Life
-Research gives us a light or direction to
inquire about the right information.
-Research develops our attitudes to not
believe automatically without further
investigation of the real situation.
-Research sharpens our mind to give a
judicious vision to look.
RESEARCH) Ph.D.
-Research leads us to the ultimate philosophy of
life and it builds a graphic vision to improve the
community where we live.
-Research empowers us with knowledge and
efficient learning of new things.
-Research helps us in understanding various
issues of life and in giving solutions to our
problems.
RESEARCH) Ph.D.
-Research allows us to mark out the thin
line between truth (fact) and lie (fallacy).
-Research opens vistas news (new-age digital
media platforms) of opportunity before we pick
and choose.
-Research makes good habits of reading,
analyzing, thinking and learning.
RESEARCH) Ph.D.
-Research is a tool for building knowledge and
for facilitating learning.
-Research is a means to understand various
issues and to increase public awareness.
- Research is an aid to business awareness.
-Research is a way to prove lies and support
truths.
RESEARCH) Ph.D.
-Research isa means to find, gauge,
and seize opportunities.
-Research is a seed of sharing valuable
information.
-Research is the heart and soul of good
writing.
RESEARCH) Ph.D.
Characteristics of Research

RESEARCH) Ph.D.
RESEARCH) Ph.D.
RESEARCH) Ph.D.
The Seven Steps of the Research Process
Step 1. Define and develop your
topic (Research Problem).
Step 2. Find background information

about your chosen topic (Review of
Related Literature).
RESEARCH) Ph.D.
Step 3. Plan your research design including
your sample (Methodology).
Step 4. Gather necessary data using open-
ended questions (for qualitative research) and
closed-ended questionnaire or paper- pencil test
questionnaire (for quantitative research) (Data
Gathering Activities).
RESEARCH) Ph.D.
Step 5. Process and analyze data using thematic
analysis (for qualitative research) and statistical
tools (for quantitative research).
Step 6. Formulate new insights gained (for
qualitative research) or conclusions (for
quantitative research) and recommendations.
Step 7. Define new problem.
RESEARCH) Ph.D.
Research Ethics
Research ethics provides guidelines for the
responsible conduct of research. In addition, it
educates and monitors researchers to ensure a high
ethical standard. It promotes the aim of research,
such as expanding knowledge. It supports the
values required for collaborative work, such as
mutual respect and fairness.
RESEARCH) Ph.D.
Research Ethics
INFORMED CONSENT. In order to safeguard the
rights of the participants in your study, secure informed
consent. Inform your participants about the criteria
set for choosing them as informants and the schedule of
one-on-one interview at the convenient time they are
available. Participation to the study will be
completely voluntary.
RESEARCH) Ph.D.
Research Ethics
HONESTY. Honestly report data, results, methods
and procedures, and publication status. Do not
fabricate, falsify and misrepresent the data.
OBJECTIVITY. Strive to avoid bias in
experimental design, data analysis, data
interpretation, peer review, personnel decisions, grant
writing, expert testimony, and other aspects of
research.
RESEARCH) Ph.D.
Research Ethics
INTEGRITY. Keep your promises and
agreements; act with sincerity; strive for
consistency of thought and action.
CAREFULNESS. Avoid careless errors and
negligence; carefully and critically examine
your work and the work of peers. Keep good
records of research activities. SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH,
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)
Ph.D.
Research Ethics
OPENNESS. Share data, results, ideas, tools and
resources. Be open to criticism and new ideas.
RESPECT FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY.
Honor
patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets and
other forms of intellectual property. Do not use
published or unpublished data, methods, or results
without permission. Give credit where credit is due.
RESEARCH) Ph.D.
Research Ethics
CONFIDENTIALITY. Protect confidential
communications, such as papers or grants
submitted for publication, personnel records,
trade or military secrets, and patient records.
RESPONSIBLE MENTORING. Help to educate,
mentor, and advise others. Promote their welfare and
allow them to make their own decisions.
RESEARCH) Ph.D.
Research Ethics
RESPONSIBLE PUBLICATION. Publish in order to
advance research and scholarship, not to advance your
own career. Avoid wasteful and duplicative
publication.
RESPECT FOR COLLEAGUES. Respect your
colleagues and treat them fairly. Don’t outsmart
others. Respect their opinions.
RESEARCH) Ph.D.
Research Ethics
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY. Strive to promote social
acceptance and prevent or mitigate social harms
through research, public education, and advocacy.
NON-DISCRIMINATION. Avoid discrimination
against colleagues or students on the basis of sex, race,
ethnicity, or other factors that are not related to their
scientific competence and integrity.
RESEARCH) Ph.D.
Research Ethics
COMPETENCE. Maintain and improve your
own professional competence and expertise
through lifelong education and learning; take
steps to promote competence in science as a
whole.
LEGALITY. Know and obey relevant laws and
institutional and government policies.
RESEARCH) Ph.D.
Research Ethics
ANIMAL CARE. Show proper respect and care for
animals when using them in research. Do not conduct
unnecessary or poorly designed animal experiments.
HUMAN SUBJECTS PROTECTION. When conducting
a research on human subjects, minimize harms and risks
and maximize benefits; respect human dignity, privacy,
and anonymity.
RESEARCH) Ph.D.
Social Responsibility
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY is an ethical
framework or a duty that every researcher
has to perform so as to promote social
acceptance and prevent
or mitigate social harms through research,
public education and advocacy.
RESEARCH) Ph.D.

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COURSE OUTLINE IN

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH,

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH,

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH,

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH,

Step 2. Find background information

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