Course Title: Unit V: Overview of communication in EVs

Topic for the class:

Department of EECE, GIT IEVT

March 27, 2024 1

 Unit IV
OVERVIEW OF COMMUNICATION IN EVs
GITA
M
Deemed to be University

Vehicle to Grid communication

 Vehicle to Vehicle communications
Grid to Vehicle communication

March 27, 2024 Department of EECE, GIT IEVT 2

 Vehicle to Grid Communication
• Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) is a system that lets electric vehicles (EVs)
communicate with the public power grid — and even provide electricity
back to the grid to meet energy demand.
• Vehicle-to-grid, or V2G, technology is smart charging tech that allows car
batteries to give back to the power grid.
• In essence, it treats these high-capacity batteries as not only tools to
power EVs but backup storage cells for the electrical grid.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DbyceAkPiAU

March 27, 2024 Department of EECE, GIT IEVT 3

 Vehicle to Grid Communication
• This type of set up uses bidirectional charging stations to push and pull
energy to and from connected vehicles based on the demand for
electricity at any given time.
• It’s part of a larger initiative known as vehicle-grid integration.
• This extra energy can be used to power houses, buildings and ultimately
anything connected to the power grid.

March 27, 2024 Department of EECE, GIT IEVT 4

Working of Vehicle to Grid Communication

• When it comes to using V2G in practice, the most important thing is to make
sure that EV drivers have enough energy in their car batteries when they need
it.
• When they’re leaving for work in the morning, the car battery must be full
enough to drive them to work and back if needed.

This is the basic requirement of V2G and any other charging technology: The
EV driver must be able to communicate when they want to unplug the car and
how full the battery should be at that time.

• Although the basic concept of V2G charging sounds simple enough,

implementing it requires a complex suite of smart technology.
Working of Vehicle to Grid Communication
• Charging stations must be equipped with software that communicates with the
central grid to assess overall system demand at any given time.
• That software is based on simple technology that has been around for a while
now — think about the power companies that have been offering off-peak usage
rates for years.
• But V2G tech moves beyond merely assessing peak demand and encouraging
consumption at off-peak hours to actually pulling in additional energy from
connected vehicles when needed.
• Pecan Street, a transportation electrification and V2G research organization that
works with power companies to implement this technology, estimates that one
plug-in electric vehicle can power a single home for two to five hours, or five
homes for around an hour. All it takes is V2G technology.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wHNFYMPFUv4
Applications of Vehicle to Grid Communication
Peak load leveling
Electric vehiV2G vehicles can provide power to help balance
grid loads by charging at night when demand is low and sending
power to the grid when demand is high.
 Coupling these services with "smart-meters" enables V2G.
V2G could buffer variable power sources by storing excess
energy and providing it to the grid during high load periods.
Backup power
Electric Vehicles can generally store more than an average
home's daily energy demand.
Such a vehicle could supply emergency power to a home for
several days, vehicle-to-home transmission (V2H).
 Grid to Vehicle Communication
• The transport sector with electric vehicles (EVs) is increasingly an
important consumer of electricity, and as fleets increase, EVs can be
used as controllable loads, charging in periods of high renewable
generation or low prices, using the Grid to Vehicle (G2V) system.

• The increasing market of EVs is responsible for the growing

consumption of electricity generated with endogenous renewable
energy sources (RES), in a distributed form and near the consumption
points.
• Simultaneously, the generation mix is increasingly based on a mix of
distributed, intermittent and non-dispatchable sources, being more
difficult to ensure the balance between generation and demand.
 Grid to Vehicle Communication
• In this context it will be fundamental to have new technologies to
provide flexibility, mainly energy storage and demand response.
• One important option is to increase the loads that enable demand
management in order to consume energy mainly in periods with high
renewable generation.
• In such context EVs can have an important role, being used as
controllable loads, charging in periods with a high renewable
generation or low prices, using the Grid to Vehicle (G2V) system.
 Grid to Vehicle Communication
• With the current technologies, it is possible to respond in real time to
the intermittent generation variations by adapting groups of
controllable loads and to contribute to maintaining the quality of
service parameters of the grid, such as nominal voltage and frequency,
within predefined thresholds.
• In the context of the proliferation of the Internet of Things concept,
vehicles are also increasingly computer-based systems on wheels that
integrate powerful communication and information processing
capabilities that can support multiple intelligent systems.
• The decision of an EV connected to the grid to act at any moment as a
load or as a virtual generator (injecting energy into the grid) needs to
be taken with precise information that should be based on the
requirements defined by the user and according to the instantaneous
situation of balance between generation and demand in the grid
Grid to Vehicle Communication
Components in
G2V technology
• A power plant is an industrial
facility that generates electricity
from primary energy. Most power
plants use one or more generators
that convert mechanical energy
into electrical energy in order to
supply power to the electrical grid
for society's electrical needs.
Components in
G2V technology
•A renewable energy
source means energy that
is sustainable - something
that can't run out, or is
endless.
Components in
G2V technology
• The power grid delivers electricity
from power plants to homes and
businesses across the nation. Its
vast network of power generation,
transmission, and delivery ensures we
can function in the modern world. The
electrical grid provides us with
electrical power on demand.
Components in G2V technology
• The EV aggregators act as an interface between the
grid and EVs and always take the information of EV
drivers, such as charging power demand and
connection time via the smart meter, and send them
to the grid operators.

• The State Of Charge (SOC) is a measurement of the

amount of energy available in a battery at a specific
point in time expressed as a percentage.
 Vehicle to Vehicle Communication
V2V communication extends and enhances currently available crash avoidance
systems that use radars and cameras to detect collision threats.
This new technology doesn't just help drivers survive a crash—it helps them avoid
the crash altogether.
Vehicle to Vehicle Communication
Vehicle to Vehicle Communication
 Vehicle to Vehicle Communication
Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) charging facility:
• This will provide EV customers with the option of charging their
Electric vehicle anywhere and anytime via V2V.
• Developers will send an electric vehicle to your location for the same.
Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication:
• Vehicle-to-vehicle communication (V2V communication) is the wireless
transmission of data between motor vehicles.
• Wirelessly exchange information about the speed and position of
surrounding vehicles shows great promise in helping to avoid crashes,
ease traffic congestion, and improve the environment.
• But the greatest benefits can only be achieved when all vehicles can
communicate with each other.
 Vehicle to Vehicle Communication
• The popularization of the Electric Vehicle (EV) is restrained by the stagnation
of energy storage technology and inadequate plug-in charging stations.
• vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) charging technology can achieve wireless charging
working in harmony with plug-in charging technology, or operate
independently.
• V2V charging technology can effectively solve the problem of the limited
number of plug-in stations.
• Moreover, it can charge the car any-time, anywhere, like a power bank.
• V2V charging system design requires a number of technical challenges to be
overcome including the power balancing between vehicles and charging
circuit design to maximizing the power transfer efficiency.
• V2V charging technology can be used in both wireless charging systems and
plug-in charging systems
 Vehicle to Vehicle Communication
• It uses VANETs (Vehicular Adhoc NETworks), which consists of
a wireless network whereby vehicles can communicate with one
another and share information about their driving behaviors.
• The information includes speed, position, braking, stability, the
direction of travel, among others.
• With the assistance of vehicular communication systems, traffic
safety applications can be employed to considerably lower the
accident rates and decrease the loss of life on the road, mainly
by providing warning systems such as intersection collision,
lane change assistance, overtaking vehicle, emergency vehicle.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3z09fCqmILU