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TOPICS : INFLUENCE OF ENERGY

SYSTEM TO FOOTBALL GROUP 5
(AFFECTING PERFOMANCE)

1
ENERGY
Muscle contraction

Requires energy

ENERGY

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 Fuels for Exercise
 Carbohydrates
– Glucose
– Glycogen
• Storage form of glucose in liver and muscle

 Fats
– Triglycerides
• Storage form of fat in muscle and adipose tissue
– Fatty acids

 Proteins
– Not a primary energy source during exercise
3
ENERGY SYSTEM
• Quick movements-lasts a few seconds
• Reduced speed-lasts for several minutes
• Reduced intensity(50%)-lasts for several
hours

The body uses different energy systems for

each activity

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 ATP-PCr System
• Lasts 10 - 15 seconds.

• Produce rapidly

• For explosive movement , powerful activities eg. 100 m

sprints, jumping, throwing, weight lifting

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 What does lactate do ?
• If a muscle cell becomes too acidic, muscle stops
functioning as the enzymes not able to function

• Decrease the fiber calcium binding capacity (impede

muscle contraction)

• The lactate is removed from the muscle cell, to enable

exercise to be continued for a little longer.

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 What does lactate do ?

•Intense exercise continues until a point where lactate

cannot be removed from muscles due to rapid
accumulation of H+.

•If intensity of exercise is not unable to be sustained: stop

exercise or reduce the intensity.

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Oxidation of Fat
• Lypolysis—breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and
free fatty acids (FFAs).

• FFAs travel via blood to muscle fibers and are broken

down by enzymes in the mitochondria into acetic acid
which is converted to acetyl CoA.

• Aceytl CoA enters the Krebs cycle and the electron

transport chain.

• Fat oxidation requires more oxygen and generates more

energy than carbohydrate oxidation.
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9
 Protein metabolism
• Body uses little protein during rest and exercise
(less than 5% to 10%).

• Some amino acids (BCAA) that form proteins

can be converted into glucose.

• The nitrogen in amino acids (which cannot be

oxidized) makes the energy yield of protein
difficult to determine.

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 Event and Energy System
Effect of Event Duration on Primary Energy System Used

Duration Intensity Primary energy

system
0-6s Very high ATP-PC

6-30s High ATP-PC and Anaerobic

glycolytic
30s-2min Moderate to high Anaerobic glycolytic

2-3min Moderate Anaerobic glycolytic

and Aerobic system
>3min Low Aerobic system

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Energy systems used in sports
Sport ATP-PC Anaerobic Aerobic
Glycolytic

Basketball 60 20 20

Field events 90 10 0
(shotput, discuss,
javelin)

Golf swing 95 5 0

Gymnastics 80 15 5

Hockey 50 20 30

Rowing 20 30 50

Running (distance) 10 20 70

Skiing 33 33 33

Soccer 50 20 30

Swimming (50m 40 55 5
freestyle)
Tennis 70 20 10
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 Energy supply at maximum load of different time ENDURANCE
periods in football
DURATION PROCESS ENERGY REMARKS SPECIFIC TO FOOTBALL
SOURCE
1 – 4 sec Anaerobic ATP - Short explosive actions- short
A-lactic sprints

4–20 sec Anaerobic ATP +CP - Longer sprints 60/100m

A-lactic

20-45 sec Anaerobic CP + Strong lacteal Continuous explosive actions

Alactic/Lactic Glycogen Production like chasing the ball, pressing

45-2 mins Anaerobic Muscular The longer, the Chasing the ball, play pressing,
Lactic/Aerobic Glycogen lesser lacteal transformation

2-8 mins Anaerobic Muscular Lesser lacteal Periods of pressing activities

Lactic/Aerobic Glycogen

8-30 mins Aerobic +++ Muscular The longer the Keep up the 2 x 45 mins
Glycogen more
Or longer match play
passing into acidification
acidification
 Time Process/ Heart Frequency Training Methods
Energy Supply pulse per minute
1 – 4 sec Anaerobic Alactic 170 max. Intensive Interval
4 – 20 sec 130 - 170 - Speed training
- Interval training
- Repetition training or
Tempo training
20 – 45 sec Anaerobic Lactic 170 max Extensive Interval Training
130 – 170

45 sec – 2 min Anaerobic Lactic 155 – 170 Intensive Endurance Training

2 – 8 min Aerobic

8 – 30 min Aerobic Endurance 130 –155 Extensive Endurance Training