ARE YOU EXCITED

TO LEARN TODAY?
 FIRST, LET US
MEASURE YOUR
KNOWLEDGE
WHAT I KNOW
Read the questions carefully and choose the
letter that corresponds to your answer.
1.What is a short, narrative prose that is usually
centered around one single event?
a.short story c. legend
b.myth d. novel
Read the questions carefully and choose the
letter that corresponds to your answer.
2. What do we call the main sequence of
events that make up the story?
a.tone c. plot
b.theme d. setting
Read the questions carefully and choose the
letter that corresponds to your answer.
3. What is a description of where and when
the story takes place?
a. characterization c. theme
b. plot d. setting
Read the questions carefully and choose the
letter that corresponds to your answer.
4. What refers to the attitude of a writer
takes towards his subject and reader?
a. tone c. setting
b. plot d. theme
Read the questions carefully and choose the
letter that corresponds to your answer.
5. What is the main idea, lesson, or message
in the short story?
a. theme c. voice
b. plot d. theme
Read the questions carefully and choose the
letter that corresponds to your answer.
6. Which of the following deals on how the
characters are described in the story?
a. plot c. voice
b. characterization d. theme
WHAT DO YOU THINK IS
OUR LESSON FOR
TODAY?
ELEMENTS OF A
SHORT STORY
Analyzing Literature as a Means of Understanding
Unchanging Values in the VUCA (Volatile, Uncertain,
Complex, Ambiguous) World
WHAT I NEED TO KNOW?
◦ This module aims to familiarize you with the elements of a short story at the same time
encourage you to do an analysis of a short story as a means of understanding
unchanging values in the VUCA (Volatile, Uncertain, Complex, Ambiguous) world.

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

• define what a short story is;
• identify the different elements of a short story; and
• create an analysis of a short story based on its elements.
SHORT STORY
VS. POEM
WHAT I KNOW
Read each sentence carefully and tell whether if it is
a characteristic of POEM or SHORT STORY.
1. It uses rhyming words to create a certain
effect.

POEM
Read each sentence carefully and tell whether if it is
a characteristic of POEM or SHORT STORY.
2. It is written in paragraphs.

SHORT STORY
Read each sentence carefully and tell whether if it is
a characteristic of POEM or SHORT STORY.
3. It focuses on one incident, has a single plot
and setting.

SHORT STORY
Read each sentence carefully and tell whether if it is
a characteristic of POEM or SHORT STORY.
4. It has a repetition of sounds and patterns
to create a musical effect.

POEM
Read each sentence carefully and tell whether if it is
a characteristic of POEM or SHORT STORY.

5. It is so much fun to read.

POEM/SHORT STORY
SHORT STORY AND
ITS ELEMENTS
WHAT IS IT
What is a Short Story?
◦ A short story is a work of short, narrative prose that is
usually centered around one single event. It is
limited in scope and has an introduction, body and
conclusion. Although a short story has much in
common with a novel, it is written with much greater
precision.
What are its elements?
1. SETTING
Setting is a description of where and when the
story takes place. In a short story, there are fewer
settings compared to a novel.
 WHAT IS THE SETTING?

◦ As the sun set in the evening sky, Malcolm slowly turned and
walked toward his home. All was silent and still. Through the
window, he could see his older brother James watching a
football game on the TV.
time: EVENING
place: MALCOLM’S HOME
2. CHARACTERIZATION
Characterization deals with how the characters in the
story are described.
The characters are revealed according to:
1. Action of the character
2. Thoughts of the character
3. Descriptions of the character
CHARACTERIZATION
. “Nellie’s dream is to be a pastry chef. She loves baking desserts
especially cakes. Whenever she bakes desserts, she gives samples to
her neighbors and they thank her for being generous.” What best
describes the protagonist based on the text.
a. Nelli likes cooking and she cooks delicious meals for her family.
b. Nelli loves baking and she wants to be a pastry chef someday.
c. Nelli has a sweet tooth and she does not share her food with anyone.
d. Nelli owns a bakery and gives free desserts to everyone.
3. PLOT
The plot is the main sequence of events that make up the
story.
5 STAGES OF PLOT
Introduction/exposition – the beginning of the story where the characters and setting is revealed.
Rising Action – the part where the situation become complicated. The conflict in the story is
revealed.
Climax – the highest point of interest and the turning point of the story
Falling Action – the conflict begins to resolve
Denouement – the final outcome of the events in the story. Usually known as the
resolution/ending.
CONFLICT
a. conflict arising between the main character and
nature
b. conflict arising between the main character and
another person
c. conflict arising between the main character and his
own feelings or beliefs
CONFLICT
“She struggled, searching for air, for land, for something to
hold on to, but there was only the water, pulling her into its
depths.”

a. conflict arising between the main character and another person

b. conflict arising between the main character and nature
c. conflict arising between the main character and his own feelings or beliefs
d. conflict arising between the main character and a body of water
CONFLICT
“He wants to tell her the truth. He wants to admit his
feelings to her, but he is afraid of rejection. He does not
know what to do. A part of him tells him to confess but the
other tells him not to.”
a. conflict arising between the main character and another person
b. conflict arising between the main character and nature
c. conflict arising between the main character and his own feelings or beliefs
d. conflict arising between the main character and a body of water
4. VOICE/TONE
The voice/tone refers to the attitude a writer takes
toward his subject and reader. It varies widely,
depending on his purpose, subject, audience, and
interests.
5. THEME
The theme is the main idea, lesson, or message in the
short story. It may be an abstract idea about the human
condition, society, or life.
LET’S READ A STORY!
ACTIVITY
ANALYZE THE STORY
ACTIVITY
WHAT IS THE SETTING
OF THE STORY?
 HOW THE CHARACTER
DESCRIBED IN THE STORY?
WHAT IS THE VOICE/TONE
IN THE STORY?
WHAT IS THE THEME OF
THE STORY?
WHAT IS THE PLOT OF THE
STORY?
SHOW ME YOUR
FACE
ACTIVITY
Tell whether each statement is correct or not. Show a happy face if
it is correct and a sad face if it is not.
1. Characterization deals with how the characters in the story are
described.
2. In short stories, there are usually more characters compared to a
novel.
3. The protagonist is the central character in a short story.
4. A character in a story is always a person.
5. The actions of the character greatly affect the turnout of events in a
story
 BE AN
EVENT ORGANIZER
ACTIVITY
 When it was time for Mutya to learn how to fly, she felt really scared. She feared
2 that something bad would happen once she leave the nest where she grew up.

It was time for Inang Maya to teach Mutya how to fly. When Mutya tried to fly on
3 her own, she lost balance and fell. “I do not want to do it anymore mother.” Mutya
cried.

Mutya saved the egg from falling. She also realized that there was really nothing
5 to be afraid of. One just needed to be brave and have faith.

There was once a little bird named Mutya. She lived with her parents, Amang
1 Maya and Inang Maya, in a tall Narra tree deep within a Luzon rainforest.

4 A very strong gush of wind hit the nest where Inang Maya’s eggs lay. Mutya was
shocked to see one of the eggs falling. She spread her wings and flew to catch it.
 BE AN
EVENT ORGANIZER
ACTIVITY