Personality

Challenger
Investigator
Individualist
Helper
Loyalist
• Personality refers to the enduring
characteristics and behavior that comprise a
person's unique adjustment to life, including
major traits, interests, drives, values, self-
concept, abilities, and emotional patterns.
 Personality
Personality describes the unique patterns of thoughts,
feelings, and behaviors that distinguish a person from
others.
Stable pattern of behavior

•The word "personality" stems from the latin

word persona, which refers to a theatrical mask
worn by performers to play roles
•Characteristics that can help predict and
explain a person's behavior.
•.
 Characteristics of personality
• Trustworthiness(effective relationship)
• Extroversion(being social)
• Self confidence(interpersonal skill)
• Emotional stability(ability to cope up with stress)
• Enthusiasm (Energetic and active)
• Passion(obsession towards accomplishment of goal)
• Courage(brave)
• Internal locus of control(Events are controllable)
• Flexibility ,adaptability(accept the change)
• Assertiveness(straight forward)
 Definition
• Personality refers to the sum total of
internal and external traits
(characteristics) of an
individual ,which are relatively stable
and which make individual different
from others.
 Factors influencing personality
• Heredity
physical (biological/hereditary)

• Environment

• Social (the community you grew up in and your part

in it),
• psychological (your behavior, emotions, and inner
thought patterns)
• Intellectual (your values and beliefs).
 Types
Big five model (D. W. Fiske (1949))
The five broad personality traits described by
the theory are
OCEAN
 Openness
 Conscientiousness,
 Extraversion (also often spelled extroversion),
 Agreeableness,
 Neuroticism.
 Openness to Experience

• It encompasses someone’s desire to try

new things, be open and think creatively

• while those who score low tend to be

usual and stay in their comfort zones.
 Conscientiousness

• Someone who scores higher in this

area is more goal-oriented, tends to
control impulses, and is usually very
organized
• Those who score lower in this area
are more likely to be spontaneous
 Extroversion

• Those scoring high in extroversion are

generally more assertive, socially confident,
and recharge from interacting with people

• score lower are more likely to seek privacy

 Agreeableness

• People scoring high in this trait

are usually well-liked,
sympathetic, and affectionate
• who score lower are perceived as
blunt, rude, and sarcastic.
 Neuroticism

• It measures how well a person

can control emotions like
anxiety and sadness
• Those receiving a low score are
probably more confident and
adventurous.
 Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
• MBTI stands for Myers Briggs Type Indicator.
This is a tool which is frequently used to help
individuals understand their own
communication preference and how they
interact with others.
• Isabel Briggs Myers and her mother Katharine
Briggs developed the
• MBTI talks about an individuals
preference not their capability. This
is an important distinction. Everyone
has the capability to use all styles,
however they will have a preferred
style which they will use most of the
time.
MBTI uses four scales to talk about
preference
Extraversion vs. introversion–where you
get your energy from
Extraversion (E)
Introversion (I)
•Tend to act before thinking
•Tend to think before acting
•Prefer to get into action
•Prefer to spend time on reflection
•Talk things through
•Think things through
•More expressive when
interacting •More contained when interacting

•Gain energy from •Gain energy from concentration

interaction
•Have a depth of interests
•Have a breadth of interests
 Sensing v intuition –what kind of information you prefer to
gather
Remember,
Sensing (S)

•Want to know the facts Intuition (N)

•Look at specifics •Seek out new ideas

•Adopt a realistic approach •Look at the bigger picture

•Focus on the here and now •Adopt an imaginative approach

•Ensure things work in practice •Anticipate the future

•Collect observations about the •Ensure things work in theory

•Use conceptual frameworks

 Thinking v feeling –how you make
decisions

Thinking (T) Feeling (F)

•Apply logical reasoning •Apply individual values

•Use cause-and-effect analysis •Understand others’ viewpoints

•Seek objective truth •Seek harmony

•Decide using impersonal criteria •Decide according to personal

circumstance
•Focus on tasks
•Focus on relationships
•Provide a critique
•Offer praise
 Judging v perceiving –how you deal with
the world around you

Judging (J)

•Like to come to closure Perceiving (P)

•Make plans •Like to keep a range of

•Act in a controlled way
•Prefer to act within a
structure
•Prefer to schedule activities
choices available
•Remain flexible
•Respond to emerging
information
•Prefer to go with the flow

•Prefer to be spontaneous
 Personality theories
• psychoanalytic theory,
• humanistic theory,
• trait theory,
• social-cognitive theory,
• biological theory, and
• behaviorist theory.
 psychoanalytic theory
• The psychoanalytic theory was developed by
Sigmund Freud and argued that human
personality comprises three elements, the
• id,
• the ego, and the
• superego
 humanistic theory
• Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers developed
the humanistic theory of personality.
• They explained that personality stems from
one’s desire to achieve
 Trait theory
• The trait theory of personality was developed
by Raymond Cattell, who argued that a
person’s personality is a series of traits that
are stable over time.
 social-cognitive theory
• personality is developed through social
learning and cognition. According to the
theory, personality is formed by watching and
learning from others
 biological theory
• According to previous studies, personality is
somehow heritable meaning that a
component of personality does come from
genetics.
 Behaviorist Theory

• The behaviorist theory states that the

environment around the said person develops
a person’s personality. The theory basically
tries to explain how personalities are learnt
and then reinforced by the person’s
environment.