Grade 9’A’

OXIDES AND ITS TYPES

Ashvy, Naabim, Tejus, Sara, Prasiddha
TABLE OF CONTENTS

01
ACIDIC OXIDES
02
BASIC OXIDES

03
NEUTRAL OXIDES
04
AMPHOTERIC OXIDES
OXIDES
Oxides are basically compounds made of oxygen
atoms combined with other elements. They're
everywhere, from minerals in the Earth's crust to
the air we breathe. You can find them in nature,
like in rocks and minerals, and they are also made
in factories for things like making glass or steel.
They also play crucial roles in geological
processes, such as the formation of minerals and
rocks, and they are essential components of
Earth's atmosphere and crust. Moreover, oxides
have widespread industrial applications, serving
as catalysts, pigments, and components in
ceramics, glasses, and electronics. Additionally,
certain oxides are significant pollutants,
contributing to environmental issues like air
pollution and acid rain. Understanding oxides
helps us grasp their importance in nature and
technology.
01 ACIDIC OXIDES
Here is what you need to know about acidic oxides!
ACIDIC OXIDES

● An oxide is considered acidic if it either

reacts with water to form an acidic solution
or absorbs hydroxide ions and functions as
a Lewis acid.
● Acidic oxides can be either organic or
inorganic and usually have a low pKa.
● Carbon dioxide, an acidic oxide that is
frequently encountered, dissolves to form
an acidic solution and carbonic acid.
● One can infer a reasonable amount of an
oxide's acidity from the components that
surround it.
ACIDIC OXIDES
● More electronegative elements tend to
make acidic oxides, such as carbon dioxide
and phosphorus pentoxide, whereas less
electronegative elements tend to form basic
oxides, such as sodium oxide and
magnesium oxide.
● Certain oxides are amphoteric, such as
oxides of aluminum.
● Acidic oxides are harmful to the
environment.
● Because sulfur and nitrogen oxides
combine with atmospheric water vapor to
form acid rain, they are classified as air
pollutants.
● Cl2O7, P2O5, N2O5, SO2, CO2, and SO3
are a few examples. It might also be the
oxide of highly oxidized metals, including
V2O5, Mn2O7, and CrO3.
 BASIC OXIDES 02
Here is what you need to know about basic oxides!
 . Definition: Basic oxides are chemical compounds that react with water to form basic
solutions, meaning they increase the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) when
dissolved in water.
2. Characteristics: Basic oxides are typically metal oxides, composed of a metal atom
bonded to one or more oxygen atoms. They often have a high melting point and are solid
at room temperature.
3. Examples: Common examples of basic oxides include calcium oxide (CaO),
magnesium oxide (MgO), and sodium oxide (Na2O).
4. Reactivity: Basic oxides react vigorously with water to form metal hydroxides. For
example, calcium oxide reacts with water to form calcium hydroxide, releasing heat in the
process.
5. Uses: Basic oxides have various industrial applications. For instance, calcium oxide,
also known as quicklime, is used in cement production, soil stabilization, and as a drying
agent.
 Environmental impact:
When basic oxides are released into the
environment, they can contribute to air pollution
and acid rain formation. This occurs when oxides
react with atmospheric moisture to form acidic
solutions. Safety precautions: Handling basic
oxides requires caution due to their reactivity with
water and potential for causing burns. Proper
protective equipment, such as gloves and goggles,
should be worn when working with these
substances. Importance:
Despite their reactivity and potential hazards,
basic oxides play a crucial role in various
industrial processes and contribute to the
functioning of many essential products and
materials in our daily lives.
 INTERESTING DIFFERENCE

Acidic Oxides Basic Oxides

Acidic oxides, also known as non-metal oxides, tend to Basic oxides, also known as metal oxides, react
react with water to form acidic solutions. The reaction with water to form basic solutions. The reaction
involves the oxide reacting with water to produce an involves the oxide reacting with water to produce
acid. For example: a base. For example:
Non-metal oxide Metal oxide
+ +
Water Water
→ →
Acidic solution Basic solution
Non-metal oxide+Water→Acidic solution Metal oxide+Water→Basic solution
 03
NEUTRAL OXIDES
Here is what you need to know about neutral oxides!
 NEUTRAL OXIDES

 Neutral oxides neither exhibit acidic nor

basic characteristics when reacting with
water. They generally do not significantly
affect the pH of water.

 Neutral oxides can undergo hydrolysis, a

reaction with water, but the resulting
solution is neither acidic nor basic. For
example, the hydrolysis of carbon
monoxide is represented as follows:

CO+H2​O→HCOOH (Formic acid)

 NEUTRAL OXIDES

 When neutral oxides are dissolved in

water, the resulting solution is close to
neutral pH (pH 7).
 Neutral oxides can react with both acids
and bases. For instance, water can react
with acids to form hydronium ions (H3​
O+) and with bases to form hydroxide
ions (OH−).
 Water, being a neutral oxide, plays a
crucial role in various biological and
environmental processes. Its
amphoteric behavior is essential for
supporting life and maintaining pH
balance in living organisms.
EXAMPLES OF NEUTRAL OXIDES

H 2O CO
Water Carbon monoxide

NO N 2O
Nitric oxide nitrous oxide
04 AMPHOTERIC OXIDES
Here is what you need to know about acidic oxides!
AMPHOTERIC OXIDES

An amphoteric oxide is one that can act as either an acid or a base. Generally non-metallic oxides
are acidic and metallic oxides are basic. Some non-metallic oxides are neutral and some
metallic or semi metallic oxides are amphoteric. There are a number of exceptions to these
generalizations.
 HOW TO IDENTIFY?
• Amphoteric oxides are classified as metal oxides that react with
both acids as well as bases to create salts and water.
• Amphoteric oxides, among many others, include lead oxide and
zinc oxide. Examples include amino acids and proteins that
have classes of amine and carboxylic acids and molecules that
can be self-ionized, such as water.
• Amphoteric oxides are oxygen compounds that show both
acidic and basic characteristics. These oxides undergo a
neutralization reaction to form water and salt as they react with
acid.
• All of the oxides can be made by heating the element in oxygen.
• Going down the group, there is a transition from acidic oxides,
through amphoteric to basic owing to increasing metallic
character of the elements concerned.
The word amphoteric means both of them acid and base. Amphoteric oxides have both acidic and
basic properties. The oxides of aluminium and zinc are examples. They form salts when they react
with acids. They also react with alkalis to form complex salts. Amphoteric oxides dissolve in
water to form alkaline solutions. Alkaline solutions contain hydroxide ions.
Examples:
ZnO(s) + 2HNO3(aq) → Zn(NO3)2(aq) + H2O(l)
ZnO(s) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na2ZnO2(aq) + H2O(l)
Al2O3(s) + 6HCl(aq) → 2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2O(l)
Al2O3(s) + 2NaOH(aq) → 2NaAlO2(aq) + H2O(l)
The zincates and aluminates have the ending -ate to show that their ions are compound ions
containing oxygen – rather like sulfates, carbonates and nitrates, indicating ions are ZnO22- and
aluminate ions are AlO2–. Ions are written as Zn(OH)42- and Al(OH)4–. Note that sodium zincate
and aluminate are soluble in water.
Work Division

Sara Tejus Prasiddha Ashvy Naabim

Introduction Acidic Oxides Basic Oxides Presentation, Amphoteric
Neutral Oxides, Oxides
Differences and
questions
QUESTIONS

No.1
Arrange the following elements from lowest to highest pH
value:

Ca0, CO and CO2

No.2
What type of oxide is formed when metal reacts with
oxygen?
THANK YOU!