mental health

Presented by Husna Jumanah

Vruksha Thariga Badri
 Agenda
1. INTODUCTION OF MENTAL HEALTH
2. SYMPTOMS & TYPES OF MENTAL HEALTH ILLNESS
3. DETERMINANTS OF MENTAL HEALTH
4. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA
i. MENTAL HEALTH DISEASE
ii.AGE & SEX
5. CHANGE OVER TIME
6. BURDEN OF MENTAL ILNESS
7. MENTAL ILLNESS AND INCREASED RISK OF SUCIDE
8. MEDICATIONS FOR MENTAL HEALTH CONDITION
9. PUBLIC HEALTH APPROACH
10. PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMME
 Introduction
• Mental health is a key component of overall health and wellbeing. A
mental illness can be defined as ‘a clinically diagnosable disorder that
significantly interferes with a person’s cognitive, emotional or social
abilities’ .However, a person does not need to meet the criteria for a
mental illness or mental disorder to be negatively affected by their mental
health.
• The terms ‘mental illness’ and ‘mental disorder’ are both used to
describe a range of mental health and behavioral disorders, which can
vary in both severity and duration.
Symptoms and types of mental health
The symptoms of mental illness may interfere with people's lives in different ways and to different degrees.
The severity of mental disorders can be classified as mild, moderate or severe. This is based on what impact
the symptoms have on someone’s home management, social life, ability to work and relationships.

The most common types of mental illness affecting Australians include:

1. Mood Disorder - (also known as affective disorders), such as depression and Bipolar disorder.
In 2017–18, about 10% of Australians experienced depression or feelings of depression (11.6% of women
and 9.1% of men were affected by depression).
Bipolar I disorder may be experienced by up to 1% of Australians over their lifetime. The lifetime risk of
bipolar II disorder is up to 5%
2. Anxiety Disorder - in 2017, anxiety disorders affected 13% of the population
3. Psychotic Disorder - such as schizophrenia. In 2010, the second national survey of psychotic illness in
found that about 0.4% of Australians (around 64,000 people) are affected by psychotic illness.
 Determinats of mental
health

• Our place on the mental health continuum might change throughout our lifetimes due to a
variety of individual, societal, and structural factors working together to either support or
compromise our mental health.
• Individual psychological and biological characteristics might increase a person's
susceptibility to mental health issues. These factors include emotional intelligence,
substance abuse, and heredity. People are more likely to suffer from mental health
disorders when they are exposed to unfavorable social, economic, geopolitical, and
environmental conditions, such as poverty, violence, inequality, and environmental
deprivation.
• Risks can manifest themselves at all stages of life, but those that occur during
developmentally sensitive periods, especially early childhood, are particularly
detrimental. For example, harsh parenting and physical punishment is known to
undermine child health and bullying is a leading risk factor for mental health conditions.
 Epidemiology Data
• The following estimates come from the National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing, the
most robust measure of mental illness prevalence for Australia. It included an in-person
interview using the World Health Organization’s Composite International Diagnostic Interview.
• This instrument indicates diagnoses, rather relying on participant’s self-reporting of conditions
Of Australians aged 16–85 from 2020 to 2022, an estimated:
• 8.5 million had experienced a mental disorder at some time in their life (43% of the population).
• 4.3 million had experienced a mental disorder in the previous 12 months (22% of the
population;
• The most common mental illnesses in Australia, in the 12 months prior to the study, were:
- Anxiety disorders (3.4 million people, or 17% of the population)
-Affective disorders (1.5 million, or 8%)
-Substance Use disorders (650,000, or 3%)
 EPIDEMIOLOGICA DATA
Western Australia
In 2020–2022, of the 2.1 million people aged
16–85 years in Western Australia, 45.3% or
940,300 people had a lifetime mental disorder:
• 23.1% (478,100 people) had a 12-month
mental disorder
• 18.2% had a 12-month Anxiety disorder
• 8.5% had a 12-month Affective disorder
• 3.2% had a 12-month Substance Use
disorder
South Australia
In 2020 -2022, of 1.4 million people aged 16–85
years in South Australia, 40.0% or 564,200 people
had a lifetime mental disorder:
• 21.6% (304,500 people) had a 12-month
mental disorder
• 16.6% had a 12-month Anxiety disorder
• 6.6% had a 12-month Affective disorder
• 3.9% had a 12-month Substance Use disorder.
Age and sex
 CHANGE OVER TIME

• Prior to 2020–2022, the NSMHW was last undertaken in 2007. Between

the two surveys, prevalence of mental illness among the Australian
population remained broadly similar, with 45% of Australians aged 16–
85 years having a lifetime mental disorder in 2007, compared with 43%
in 2020–2022. In 2007, an estimated 20% of Australians had a 12-month
mental disorder, compared with 22% in 2020–2022.
• Between the two surveys, the prevalence of a 12-month mental disorder
remained the same among males (18% for both), but there was an
increase among females (from 22% in 2007 to 25% in 2020–2022).
• While the prevalence of a 12-month mental disorder remained broadly
similar between the two surveys for people aged 25–85, there was a
marked increase among young adults. In 2007, 26% of those aged 16–24
had a 12-month mental disorder; in 2020–2022, this figure was 39%.
This change is almost entirely driven by an increased prevalence of
mental illness among females in this age group: 30% of females aged
16–24 years in 2007 had a 12-month disorder, compared with 46% in
2020–2022 (the prevalence for males of this age group increased from
23% to 32%).
 burden of mental illness
• Mental illness affects all Australians, either directly, for those who
experience it or indirectly, such as family members, friends and care
takers. Mental illness can vary in severity and be episodic or persistent in
nature. In most cases, the impact on the individual will be mild (9%, or
an estimated 1.4 million people) or moderate (5%, or an estimated
710,000 people).
• It is estimated that around 3% (or an estimated 500,000 people) have a
severe mental illness, of which 330,000 people have episodic mental
illness and 170,000 have persistent mental illness.
• Mental and substance use disorders, such as depression, anxiety and drug
use, are substantial components of overall disability and morbidity. The
Australian Burden of Disease Study 2023 examined the health loss due to
disease and injury that is not improved by current treatment,
rehabilitative and preventative efforts of the health system and society.
For Australia, Mental and substance use disorders were estimated to be
responsible for 15% of the total burden of disease placing it second as a
broad disease group after Cancer (17%)
 MENTAL ILLNESS AND INCREASED
RISK OF SUCIDE
• Mental illness is associated with an increased risk of suicide.
• Over 3,000 Australians die from suicide each year, with mental health
conditions being a significant risk factor. It’s estimated that 5% of
Australians have ever attempted to take their own life.
• This equates to an average of 8.57 deaths by suicide in Australia each day.
This is more than double the road toll.
• Research indicates that mental health conditions such as depression,
psychosis and substance use are associated with an increased risk of
suicide. Experiencing risk factors doesn’t necessarily mean a person will
think about or attempt to take their own life.
• Protective factors can reduce suicide risk, particularly effective mental
health care, counselling, social support and connectedness.
 Medications for mental health condition
• Medications are mainly helpful for people who experience certain types of mental health
conditions, or who might be experiencing more challenging or severe symptoms. Often,
medications are prescribed alongside psychological therapies or other types of support.
• Different types of medication treat different types of mental health conditions, including:
• antidepressant medications – these medications may be prescribed (in combination with
psychological therapies) to treat symptoms of mental health conditions including
depression and anxiety, phobias and some eating disorders
• antipsychotic medications – are mostly used to treat symptoms of psychosis, for example,
symptoms of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. These medications may also be prescribed
for people who experience more severe symptoms of depression or anxiety
• mood-stabilising medications – are helpful for people living with bipolar disorder
(previously known as manic depression). These medications can help reduce the recurrence
of major depression and can help reduce the manic or ‘high’ episodes.
 Public health Approach

• The Australian Government and all state and territory governments share responsibility
for mental health policy and the provision of support services for Australians living
with a mental disorder. The Australian Government funds primary care and out of
hospital specialized care through the Medicare Benefits Schedule and funds a range of
services for people living with mental health difficulties. These provisions are
coordinated and monitored through a range of initiatives, including nationally agreed
strategies and plans.

• The importance of good mental health, and its impact on Australians, has long been
recognised by Australian governments. Over the last 3 decades governments have
worked together to develop mental health programs and services to better address the
mental health needs of Australians. The National Mental Health Strategy included five
5-year National Mental Health Plans which cover the period 1993 to 2022,with the
Council of Australian Governments National Action Plan on Mental Health
overlapping between 2006 and 2011.
Public Health Programme
• The Australian Government and all state and territory governments share
responsibility for mental health policy and the provision of support
services for Australians living with a mental disorder. The Australian
Government funds primary care and out of hospital specialized care
through the Medicare Benefits Schedule and funds a range of services for
people living with mental health difficulties. These provisions are
coordinated and monitored through a range of initiatives, including
nationally agreed strategies and plans.

• The importance of good mental health, and its impact on Australians, has
long been recognised by Australian governments. Over the last 3 decades
governments have worked together to develop mental health programs
and services to better address the mental health needs of Australians. The
National Mental Health Strategy included five 5-year National Mental
Health Plans which cover the period 1993 to 2022,with the Council of
Australian Governments National Action Plan on Mental Health
overlapping between 2006 and 2011.
 Reference
• https://www.aihw.gov.au/mental-health/overview/prevalence-and-impact-of-menta
l-illness
• ABS (2022d)
National Health Survey: First Results Methodology- external site opens in new wi
ndow
, ABS, Australian Government, accessed 10 January 2024.
• ABS (2023a)
National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing- external site opens in new windo
w
, ABS, Australian Government, accessed 10 January
• ABS (2022b) Health Conditions Prevalence- external site opens in new window,
ABS, Australian Government, accessed 10 January 2024.
Thank
You