108403 – INTRODUCTION TO

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING (2-1)

ARRAYS & STRINGS

(1D ARRAYS, STRINGS, ARRAYS AND STRINGS IN LOOPS)

Muhammad Hamza Ali

Lab Engineer
Dept A&A
 ARRAYS
 Collection of variables/elements of same type that are
referred to through common name
 Placed in contiguous memory location
 Store multiple values in a single variable, instead of
declaring separate variables for each value
 Individual elements can be referenced using an index to
a unique identifier

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 ONE DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS
 Syntax is
datatype arrayName[arraySize];
 For example:
int a[5];
 An array named a is declared which will store integer values
and 5 values can be stored in it
 The array may be logically represented as follow, where each
blank panel represent an element of the array

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 ARRAYS INITIALIZATION
 By default, arrays are not initialized i.e., no particular values
are assigned to elements
 Values can be assigned during declaration if required
 The syntax for assigning values
int x[5] = { };

int y[5] = { 16, 2, 77, 40, 12071};

int z[5] = { 10, 20, 30};

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 ARRAYS INITIALIZATION (Contd.)

 Array size can be left blank

 In that case, compiler will assume the array size that matches
the number of elements included within { }
int x[] = { 10, 20, 30};
 The = sign is also optional in array initialization
int x[] = { 10, 20, 30};
int x[] { 10, 20, 30};

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 ARRAYS INITIALIZATION (Contd.)

 Can be any data type

 Suppose a class has 20 students and we need to store the
percentages and grades of each student
 Instead of declaring 40 variables, we can declare only 2 arrays
float percentage[20];
char grade[20];
 Some other examples are
string cars[4] = {“Volvo”, “BMW”, “Ford”, “Mazda”};
char vowels[ ] = {‘a’, ‘e’, ‘i’, ‘o’, ‘u’};

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 ACCESSING ELEMENTS OF AN
ARRAY
 Each element of an array is associated with an index number
 Array index
 An element of an array can be accessed using syntax
array[index];
 For an array initialized as x[6]

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 ACCESSING ELEMENTS OF AN
ARRAY (Contd.)
 Array indices start with 0
 x[0] is the first element stored in array x at index 0
 For an array of size n, the last element is stores at index n-1
 For array declared as x[6], the last element is accessed using
x[5]
 Elements of an array have consecutive memory addresses
 The total memory size of an array depends on data type and
number of elements

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 STRINGS

 Strings are collection of characters surrounded by double

quotes
string g = “Hello”
 For using string, you must include <string> library
#include <string>
string g = "Hello";
 Individual characters of a string can be accessed the same way as
elements in arrays
g is a string of length 5
g[0] g[1] g[2] g[3] g[4]
H e l l o
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 STRINGS (Contd.)

 Generally, strings do not include blank spaces

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 STRINGS (Contd.)

 To include blank spaces in a string, getline function is used

 Syntax is
getline (cin, variableName);

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 OPERATIONS WITH ARRAYS

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 ARRAYS EXAMPLES

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 ARRAYS WITHIN LOOPS EXAMPLES

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 ARRAYS WITHIN LOOPS EXAMPLES
(Contd.)

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 ARRAYS WITHIN LOOPS EXAMPLES
(Contd.)

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 STRING LENGTH/SIZE

 Length of a string can be found using syntax

stringName.length() or stringName.size()

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 ARRAY LENGTH/SIZE

 Length of an array can be found using syntax

sizeof(arrayName) / sizeof(arrayName[i])

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 STRINGS WITHIN LOOPS

 Strings can be used within loops the same way as arrays are
used

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 STRINGS WITHIN LOOPS (Contd.)

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