The Internet and

World Wide Web

 OBJECTIVES

At the end of this chapter, the students should be able to:

1. trace the history of the internet;

2. identify the ways to access and connect to the internet;
3. analyze how data travels through the internet;
4. perform search functions on the web; and
5. create a personal web page.
 Opening Activity
Film Viewing

Watch the video from TED.com explaining the World

Wide Web.

Video link: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/what-is-the-

world wide-web-twila-camp /lessons/what-is-the-
world-

How does the web reflect the society and the

individuals?
 Key
ANSITerms
- American National Standards Institute
CPU - Central processing unit
DNS-Domain name system
GUI-Graphical user interface
HTML - Hypertext markup language
HTTP - Hypertext transfer protocol
ISO - International Organization for Standardization
OOP - Object-oriented programming
OS-Operating system
Perl - Practical extraction and reporting language
PHP - Hypertext preprocessor
SQL-Structured query language
WISP - Wireless internet service provider
WMA-Windows media audio
WWW-World Wide Web
XML - Extensible markup language
Android OS-is Google's open and free software stack that includes an
operating system, middleware, and key applications Android OS for use on
mobile devices such as smartphones.
Assembly language- is used primarily for direct hardware manipulation
and direct access to specialized process instructions.
Blog website- is an informal website consisting of time-stamped articles,
or posts, in a diary or journal format, commonly listed in reverse
chronological order.
C programming language -is a general-purpose, imperative
programming language developed in the early '70s; C is the oldest and most
widely used language, providing the building blocks for other popular
languages.
C sharp (C#) -is a programming language based on C++ and Java that
helps developers create XML web services and Microsoft's NET-connected
applications for Windows operating systems and the internet.
Cable modem - provides high-speed internet connections through the
Chat room -is a location on an internet server that permits users to chat
with each other.
Chat- is a real-time typed conversation that takes place on a computer or
mobile device.
Computer programming language is a language used to write computer
programs; it involves a computer that performs some kind of computation or
algorithm, and possibly controls external devices such as printers, disk drives,
etc.
C++ programming language - is an intermediate-level language with
object-oriented programming features, originally designed to enhance the C
language.
Dial-up access -takes place when the modem in the computer uses
standard telephone line to connect to the internet.
Domain name - is the text version of an IP address. Figure 34 shows an IP
address and its associated domain name.
Domain name system (DNS) - is the method that the internet uses to
store domain names and their corresponding IP addresses.
High-level language -is a programming language such as C. Fortran, or
Pascal that enables a programmer to write programs that are more or less
independent of a particular type of computer.
Hypertext preprocessor (PHP) -is a server-side interpreted scripting
language. It was designed for creating dynamic web pages and other web
pages that effectively work with databases.
Internet-is a worldwide collection of networks that links millions of
businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals.
Internet2 - is a not-for-profit networking consortium in the U.S. which
aims to improve the internet, such as relieving bottlenecks in the current
architecture.
Interpreter is a computer program that directly executes, i.e., performs
instructions written in a programming or scripting language, without
previously compiling them into a machine language program.
Java programming language is a programming language that was first
introduced to the public in 1995 and is widely used to create internet
applications and other software programs.
Low-level language is a programming language that provides little or no
Netiquette - refers to the etiquette guidelines that govern behavior when
communicating on the internet.
Operating system -manage the computer's memory and processes,as well
as all of its software application and hardware.
Program- refer to a set of instructions and operations for a computer to
perform.
Programmer is a person who writes computer programs.
Programming language -is a formal computer language that is designed
to create instructions for the computer.
System Software -comprises device drivers, OS, servers, and software
components. Programming software helps in writing System programs
through tools such as editors, linkers.
Web community - is a website that gathers a specific group of people with
similar interests or relationships.
Web hosting - provides the technologies and services needed for the
website or web page to be viewed via the internet.
Web page - is a document that contains text, graphics, audio (sound),
and/or video accessible through the internet.
Web publishing - is the process of publishing original content on the
internet. The process includes building and uploading websites, updating the
associated web pages, and posting content to these web pages online.
Web server - is a system that delivers requested web pages to the
computer.
Website -is a collection of related web pages and associated items, such as
WiFi -is a network that uses radio signals to provide internet connections to
wireless computers and devices.
Wiki website -is a collaborative website that allows users to create, add to,
modify, or delete the website content via their weh browser.
Wireless internet service provider (WISP) - is a company that provides
wireless internet access to users with wireless modems or web-enabled
mobile devices.
Wizard - is an automated assistant that helps complete a task by asking
questions and then performs actions based on the answers.
Word processor - allows the user to write a letter, design a flyer, and create
other types of documents.
World Wide Web (WWW) - consists of a worldwide collection of electronic
 THE
INTERNET

The internet (capitalized as in internet when it first came

into widespread use) is defined as worldwide network
connecting to a million of computers via dedicated routers
and servers.
Now, most telephone companies all over the world also function as internet
service providers.

In the Philippines, the PLDT, Inc. (formerly known as Philippine Long Distance
Telephone Company) is the largest network company; Smart Communications,
Inc. and Digitel Mobile Philippines, Inc. (commercially known as Sun Cellular)
are collaborating with PLDT while Globe Telecom has acquired Bayan
Telecommunications (commonly known as BayanTel or Bayan).

These Telecommunication companies use high speed fiber optic cables to

transmit data.But no one actually own the internet. Large internet service
providers own infrastructure through which internet is delivered.
 THE INTERNET: Then and
Now started from the Advanced Research Projects
The Internet
Agency's Wide Area Network which is called the ARPANET. This
was established by the U.S. Department of Defense in the
1960s so that the military's research unit could collaborate or
partner with business and government laboratories.

Afterwards,other universities and U.S. institutions were

connected to ARPANET that resulted in the growth of
ARPANET different from everyone's expectations. ARPANET
then attained the namee "Internet."
 : Future
THE INTERNET2 Environment

Empowerment
Internet2 is a not-for-profit networking consortium founded in
1996 by 34 university research institutions in the U.S. It
provides a collaborative environment where U.S. research and
education organizations work together and develop advanced
technologies and innovative solution such as telemedicine,
digital libraries, and virtual laboratory to assist education,
research, and community development.
 : Future
THE INTERNET2 Environment

Empowerment
Internet2 manages the Internet Network, a next-generation
optical and internet protocol network that is capable of
delivering enhanced network services and is better, faster, and
more efficient than the typical internet.

As of May 2016, this community comprises 317 U.S. higher

education institutions, 81 corporations, 64 affiliates and
affiliate members, 43 regional and state education networks,
and more than 65 national research and education networking
partners representing over 100 countries.
 : Future
THE INTERNET2 Environment

Empowerment
The Philippines, via the Philippine Research, Education and
Government Information Network (PREGINET), is among the
international peers reachable via Trans-Eurasia Information
Network (TEIN), one of the Internet2's peering relationships.
Just in August 2017, a national training course on nuclear
neurology was held in which nationwide webcast among
hospitals was made possible through the high-speed
connectivity provided by PREGINET and the video conference
server hosted locally at the Department of Science and
Technology-Advanced Science and Technology Institute (DOST-
 INTERNET TODAY: Still Growing
Today, the internet connects thousands of networks and
billions of users around the world. The number of internet
users as of January 2018 is 4.021 billion which means that
more than half of the world's population is now online as
revealed by We are Social and Hootsuite in their 2018 Global
Digital suite of reports.the internet is open to anyone who can
access If one can use a computer and if the computer is
connected to the internet, he or she is free not only to use the
resources posted by others, but also to create resources of his
 JOBS THE INTERNET CAN
DO
Internet users may wonder about the jobs that the internet
can However, there is only one simple job that the internet
does, and it is to move, transfer, or assign a computerized
information do from one place to another. This information
can be in the form of text documents, images, audio,videos
and software program among others. All this information is
known as DATA.
The internet can handle different kinds of information and
assist people to perform various jobs-from the simple tasks of
handling of email, searching on websites, and sending chat
messages to the more sophisticated function of creating
website and programming possible through various software
programs.
 How data travels the
Datainternet
and information are transferred around the world
through wired or wireless transmission media. In the
Philippines, the transmission media that make up the internet
backbone allow information or data exchanges between
networks at several locations across the country, such as La
Union in the northern part, and Batangas, Cavite, and Davao
down south. The high- speed equipment in these sites
functions similarly to a highway interchange. Data is
transferred from one network to another until it reaches its
 Much of internet runs on the ordinary public telephone
network. However, there is a big difference between how a
telephone call works and how the internet carries data. For
example, friend A gives friend B a telephone call; the
telephone then opens a direct connection (also known as the
circuit) between friend A's home and friend B's home. In this
scenario, a direct line can be pictured out, running along miles
of cable, from friend A's telephone to friend B's telephone. As
long as the two friends are over the telephone, that
connection or circuit stays open between the two telephones.
This method of linking the telephones together is called
Circuit switching is one of the most common schemes utilized
to build a communications network, such as the case of
ordinary telephone calls. Circuit switching, however, is
inefficient because if you stay connected with your friend or
relative over the phone all the time, the circuit is still
connected, and is, therefore, blocking other people from
using it.

As time goes by, technologies are improved and developed

as well. Most data that moves over the internet in an entirely
different way is called packet switching. This is a mode of
transmission in which the message is broken into smaller
Compared to circuit switching, packet switching, therefore, is
much more efficient. A permanent connection is not
necessary between the two places communicating, which
avoids blocking the entire chunk of the network each time a
message is sent.
Switching Pros Cons Key
method features
Dedicated channels can
It offers a cause delays because a It offers the capability
channel is unavailable until
dedicated one side disconnects. It of storing messages
CIRCUIT transmission uses a dedicated physical temporarily to reduce
SWITCHING channel that is link between the sending
and receiving devices.
network congestion.
reserved until it is
disconnected.
The two types of packet
Packets can be routed Packets can get lost switching are datagram
PACKET around network while taking and virtual circuit.
Datagram packets are
SWITCHING congestion. Packet alternative routes to independently sent and
switching makes the destination. can take different paths
efficient use of Messages are divided throughout the network.
network bandwidth. into packets that Virtual circuit uses a logical
contain source and connection between the
destination source and the destination
device.
 What computers do on the
internet
Computers do different jobs on the internet. Some computen
work like electronic filing cabinets that store information and
send it when clients request so. These are called servers.
- server is a computer that is designed to process any requests
for data and delivers data to other client computers over a
local network or the internet.

CLIENT is a computer or device that gets information from a

server. Any computer running can function as a server, and
A computer that holds the user accounts computer accounts,
organizational units, and application services is called the
Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS).

Another machine that helps the Dynamic Host Configuration

Protocol (DHCP) server is a server that configures IPv4 and
IPv6 addresses specifically in giving names to each IP address
up to its root recognition which is called domain name system
(DNS) server.

Another machine that holds and manages documents is

known as the file server while the other one that holds users'
 A device that connects printers to client computers through
the internet is called a print server. It accepts print jobs from
the computers, queues these jobs, and sends them to the
appropriate printers.

Besides clients and servers, the internet is made up of a

hardware device designed to receive, analyze, and send
incoming packets to another network. This is called router.

-Router can be compared to a simple mailbox placed at the

corner of a street and which represents your single point of
entry to the worldwide network.
 The World Wide Web

The World Wide Web www referred to as the collection of

public websites that are connected to the internet worldwide.
withptops, iPads, computers computers, laptops, iPads, and
cellular phones that access its content
 Web Technologies

The WWW is considered to be one of the applications in the

internet and computer networks. This is based on three
fundamental technologies that are said to be part of the
WWW development:

Hypertext markup language (HTML) - is a standard

markup language used for creating web pages. HTML is
classified as the set of markup symbols or codes appended in a
Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) - is classified as the
set of standards allowing users of the World Wide Web to
interchange information seen on web pages. Port 80 is the
standard port for HTTP connections.

Web servers and web browsers is a software application

for recovering, presenting, and navigating information
resources on the World Wide Web. There are different
browser applications that are currently used in the WWW such
as Microsoft Edge, Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Mozilla
Firefox, Safari, and more.
 The World Wide Web
Last Today
March 12, 2017, WWW turned 28 years, a milestone that
recalls the invention of the WWW which has changed
humanity forever, and developed a new virtual world within a
generation.

It is observed and shown that the way the Web works is

reasonably simple having its four basic stages: connection,
request response, and close. The first stage is where many
users access the browsers such as Internet Explorer, Google
One of the most important terms to know is the uniform
resource locators (URLs) which is sorted as the internet
address. A URL contains four parts, namely the protocol
identifier which indicates the protocol to use, the domain
name which specifies the IP address where the resource is
located, the path, and the file name (Mitchell, 2017).
 Searching for information on the
Webis maintained by its owner, called a web
A website
administrator. The owner can modify the website content as
well as add new information in it. However, no single
organization controls additions, deletions, and changes to all
websites. This means there is no single repository for all the
websites found on the internet. Several companies, however,
maintain organized directories of websites to help people find
information about specific topics (Shelly, Cashma, & Vermaat,
2011).
There are two mainly managed search tools that people use in
locating information on the web: subject directories and
search engines.

Subject directories are developed and maintained by

human editors and not by electronic spiders or robots that are
used to fetch web pages automatically.
search engine, on the other hand, uses small programs
called spiders or bots (like Googlebot. Yahoo Slurp, and
MSNbot) that polish the internet, follow links. and return
information to the search engine's indicator.
 There are several techniques that can be used to improve web
searches such as:
• Using specific words and placing the most important terms
first in the search text or phrase
• Using quotation marks to create exact phrases this helps
the search engine find what it is looking for by using the
exact sequence of words
• Listing all possible spellings, for example, organization and
organisation
 One of the most popular search engines now is Google. Below
is an overview of some of the most useful Google search tricks
released in 2016, from basic tips to new features.

1. Use quotes to search for an exact phrase - By typing in

double-quotes (") at the start and end for a certain word or
phrase, Google will provide the exact word or phrasing you
need.
2. Use an asterisk within quotes to specify unknown or
variable words - the asterisk symbol (*) will provide
possibilities.
 3. Use the minus sign to eliminate results containing certain
words - While the asterisk gives you possibilities the minus
sign (-) eliminates results of certain words. Just type the minus
sign prior to the word you do not want to include in the
search.
4. Search websites for keywords - You can specify certain
content, format, or files you want Google search to provide.
For instance, if you want to specifically search for PDF files
regarding a certain topic, simply type the keyword PDF
followed by a colon symbol (:) and the topic you are searching
for.
5. Compare using "vs" - By using the "vs" or "versus"
 6. Use "DEFINE:" to search for the meaning of words- slang
included - The "DEFINE:" keyword provides a dictionary
definition of a word. Also, you will be able to see etymology
and a graph of its use over time.
7. Search images using images - Using your mobile device's
camera, you can search for images online by going to Google
Images, activating your camera phone and taking a picture of
the image you are searching for. Google will provide you with
similar images on the web.
CHAPTER KEY POINTS
• The Internet started with the so-called ARPANET which was
tablished by the US. Department of Defense in the 1960s so
that the military's research unit can collaborate or partner
with business and government laboratories
• Circuit switching and packet switching are the two modes
of data transmission.
• Existing for almost three decades, the World Wide Web or
www has developed a new virtual world within a
generation
• Some websites have enhanced features to adapt to the
speedily growing techniques of the user's way of retrieving