Collage of natural and computational science

Department of geology
TITLE: MAPPING METAMORPHIC TERRAIN AROUND FULANTO
RIDGE IN SIDAMO REGION, SOUTH ERN ETHIOPIA
PREPARED BY: 4TH YEAR GROUP THREE GEOLOGY STUDENTS
Acknowledgement

• First of all, we would like to thank our God for his supernatural
power to create and manage this universe and the processes

• Next, our thanks forwarded to Bule Hora University, college of

natural and computational science specially, department of
Geology for giving us such chance to investigate this field work

• We would like to thanks our Adviser Mr. Kaleb , Mr. Mustefa.M ,

Mr. lata , Mr. Utura who gave us the general overview for the
formations to the metamorphic terrain, there in available
guidance, support advising us before, during and after field
work, and we would also like to thanks surrounding peoples who
live BensaDeya zone
ABSTRACT

• The study area is located in the southern parts of

Ethiopia, Sidama region nearby to Daye Campos
specifically along the unpaved road from Chebe to Girja
• The main objective of this work is mapping metamorphic
terrain and the specific objectives were to identify
different lithologic units, to take structural
measurements, and to understand the rocks in in situ
conditions
• The general trend of lithology in the study area is N-S
direction due to the force applied from E-W direction
when the East and West Gondwana collides with each other
 1.1 BACKGROUNDS OF STUDY AREA
BensaDaye is one of the areas investigated by geological researchers in
terms of geological characteristics among areas found in southern of
Ethiopia

In the east Africa there are two types of belts those are Mozambique belt
is composed of intermediate to high grade metamorphic rocks considered as
lower complex in the southern parts of Ethiopia and Arabian Nubian shield
is comprised of low-grade metamorphic rocks and forms upper complex in
northern part of Ethiopia
From those east African belts our study area is around Bensa Daye which are
both associated within Mozambique belt and Arabian Nubian shield
1.1 BACKGROUNDS
OF STUDY AREA

• Metamorphic rocks are formed

from igneous, sedimentary and
pre-existing metamorphic rock
because of high temperature
and pressure under a deep
burial
1.2 Location

The study area is located in

the one of the three major
metamorphic rock exposure Geographically it is bounded
sites in the country called in 0702900m_0708400m
Southern parts of Ethiopia, latitude and 0482160m-
specifically in Sidama 0488840 m longitude
regional state along the way
from Chebe to Girja
1.3Accessibility and Drainage pattern of the study area

The study area is mainly accessed by the unpaved road

from Daye to Girja

The study area at the either side of the main road

are accessed by small foot paths and stream ways

At some areas of our study area is also addressed by

the roads of people constructed for their mining
purpose
1.4Vegetation

• The area is dominantly covered by either/both of

manmade forests and natural forest
• As we tried to explain the physiography of the
area is very disturbed and highly exposable to
erosional affection-to prevent this people of the
area planted large number of trees And the area
which are difficult to reach for people are
covered by plants nobody planted
• In most case the area is too hard to observe
lithology if they are not exposed by exposing
agents
 1.5Objectives
1.5.1Main objectives

• The main objective of the field work is mapping

of metamorphic terrain around Bensa Daye in
Sidamo Region, southern Ethiopia
1.5.2Specific objectives

To identify different lithological units

To describe the major compositional, textural

To identify major structural and tectonic features

To measure the orientation of those geological

structures
1.6Methodology and
Materials

• In order to achieve the objectives listed

above, different activities are conducted in
sequential manners that generally classified
into three phases; these phases are
1. Pre field work

Pre field preparation is planning of The necessary materials are collected

fieldwork like Base map, GPS , compass, handless
and regional geology materials
2. during field
work During fieldwork the following activities were done
Traverse was selected across the general trend of the area

Station was taken on each traverse

Exposure type was identified

The sample was taken by geological hammer and geological

structure measured

The rock was described based on color, texture and mineral

composition
3. Post field work
GPS -to locate where we are

Hand lens-to observe minerals which cannot be detected by eye

Burton Compass-to measure structural feature

Hammer-to cut samples

Telephone camera-to capture necessary image

1.7.1Previous works

There are many geological works have been conducted in the study area by
different geologist and researcher who explain about the geology of the
study area

The study area is affected by tectonic, deformational and metamorphic

activities, due to the forces mainly exerted from different directions

The main objective of present study is focused on describing, observing,

identifying the lithological units of the study area, understanding the
structural and tectonic features of the area to make geological map with
cross section and to know the economic use
CHAPTER 3
LOCAL GEOLOGY

The study area covers many square km and the scale is

1:50,000

Based on this scale the study area has five map able unit
and one non-Map able unit

Lithologic unit Collected in the study area is exposed by

road cuts, rivers, hill side and quarries and most of them
have schistose nature
3.1MAPPABLEUNITS IN
THE STUDY AREA
 3.1MAPPABLEUNITS IN THE STUDY AREA
3.1.1Amphibolite Schist

The observed minerals

Due to presences of
of rock are amphibole,
It is foliated type of sufficient amount of
mica, plagioclase
metamorphic rock with consolidated
feldspar and
schistosity texture amphibole, it shows
hornblende minerals we
shiny luster
used to hand lens
3.1.4 Talc schist

Talc schist is exposed in the hill side and quarry site

This rock unit we observed that elongated crystals forming

radial aggregate of tremolite needles up to a few cm are
visible in hand specimen as well as also in in situ form

In the study area the observed talc schist is foliated,

greenish color with dominated talc mineral and other
mineral muscovite
3.2NON-MAPPABLE METAMORPHIC UNIT

This rock unit is mostly exposed at road cut and

found in small amount in the study area at the Melayo
Mountain exposed by quarry site

It has medium grade metamorphic rock and gray-darkish

colors

In the study area Amphibolite rock is slightly

foliated and dominated with Amphibole minerals and
other minerals like mica minerals
CHAPTER FOUR
DEFORMATION AND METAMORPHISM

Different types of
The important processes mineralization have been
which are found in the observed surficial
study area are; exposed in the study area
metamorphism and and give a location for
Deformations the economic valuable
minerals
4.1DEFORMATIONS

The study area is tectonically affected by subsequent deformation

features giving rise to different geological structures such as folds,
fractures , foliation and shear zone

The study area is highly dominated by folds rather than any other
structures, this is due to the formation of fold favors the compressional
force and metamorphic rock also formed by collisional force

From this we can determine that rocks which are formed at high P-T
conditions favors the formation of foliation than the one which formed
at low P-T conditions
4.2METAMORPHISM

Metamorphism is a process in which a parent rock undergoes mineralogical,

chemical as well as structure changes, because of an elevated range of
temperature and pressure condition

Mineral alteration is essentially governed by the law of thermodynamics

related to energy conservation; relevant to environmental conditions,
often in presence of catalysts, and the most important agent which
results in alteration of minerals is hydrothermal fluid effect

Chloritization is a common process in metamorphic transition to the green

schist facies, and amphibolite’s facies retrograde metamorphism
CHAPTR 5
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCES

In the study area there are different metamorphic

rocks associated with some economic mineral Talc

Metamorphic rocks in the area are very use full and

hosts many economic minerals

Generally, the economic importance of these rock and

associated minerals of the study area is discussed
below
5.1Amphibole Schist

• Amphibole schist commonly used

for construction, paving facing
of building and it is favorable
material for a production of
adzes
5.2 Talc-schist

• Talc is Used to make cosmetics,

paper, soap, ceramic industry,
decoration and also for glass
industry
5.3Amphibolite rock

Amphibolite rock used for construction

industry b/c of it is harder and heavier

Also used for aggregate and cobblestone in

construction
5.4 Pegmatite

• Pegmatite rocks hold significant economic

importance due to their unique mineral
composition, which often includes rare
and valuable minerals and gemstones
5.5 Serpentine rock

• Serpentines are widely used as

ornamental rocks and also usable
for many buildings construction and
structures
CHAPTR 5
The study area is located in the Sidama
CONCLUSIONS AND region, specifically around BnsaDaye area

RECOMMENDATIONS
The metamorphic terrain of the southern
6.1Conclusion Ethiopia has a very crucial role in
understanding the metamorphic terrain and the
tectonic history of East African Orogeny

The area has economically precious lithology

which are used in a variety of purpose for
advancing the world
6.2Recommendation

The area of metamorphic terrain around Bensadaye is comfortable

as well

Even though the area has plenty of lithology and structures and
also minerals, the road to get to the place is not suitable for
one who wants to study and mine so that we recommend to construct
the in order to make the place easily accessible
Lastly the mining company which would be planted in the study
area should use technologically modern instruments for it is work
to get more mineral within short period of time and to get
quality minerals
• GROUP THREE GEOLOGY STUDENTS NAME / ID.NO
FIKIRU BIZUNEH GALETA SAFAY DEMEKE WARE HENOK WARE BARISO EJERSA
RU/4225/13 RU/4248/13 RU/4672/13 RU/4229/13 RU/4540/13

HANA ERMIYAS SALESA KENA CHALA SARA RU/4623 ELROI MESFIN DESTA BUZUNEH
RU/0608/13 RU/5576 /13 /13 RU/4759 /13 RU/4313 /13

MOSISA TAMRU EBSA FANAYE RU/ KHAN NOUT KABALE DIBA HIKA WORKU RU/
RU/4988 /13 4722/13 RU/4830 /13 RU/4255 /13 4250 /13

WAGN PAJOK RU/5217 OBSATESFAYE

/13 RU/1296/13