Education

Educational Institutions
• are created to respond to
the need of giving young
people formal training in
the skills that they will
require later in life.
 Education
Ancient Greece coined the
term “school” to mean 19th century – elementary
“leisure” in the cultivation education became
of the mind and widespread in Europe.
propagation of wisdom.
 Education
a social institution through
- functions as a
which a society’s children are
systematic, formalized taught basic academic
transmission of knowledge, learning skills and
knowledge, skills, and cultural norms
values.
2 FORMS OF EDUCATION

Formal
describes the learning of
academic facts and
concepts through a formal
curriculum.
2 FORMS OF EDUCATION

Informal
describes learning about
cultural values, norms and
expected behaviors by
participating in a society
Education as a human right
The right to education is legally guaranteed for all without
any discrimination. States have the obligation to protect, respect
and fulfil the right to education. There are ways to hold states
accountable for violations or deprivations of the right to
education.
 Primary
Functions of
School

1. Develop a productive citizenry

Education enables the people to understand their duties as a
citizen and encourages to follow them.
It is through schools that individuals are politically socialized
through a curriculum designed by the state.
 Primary
Functions of
School

2. Promote self-actualization
Education and educators should aim to let students
discover personal meanings and develop their own
perceptions about themselves and their environment.
IMPORTANCE
OF
EDUCATION
Career
makes our identity,
it also decides our
work frame, area of
interest,
caliber and future
Wisdom
A person who is educated
has wisdom and knowledge.
Wisdom to know the correct
and knowledge to reason out.
It acts as a stepping stone
during a person’s growth.
Sense of Right and Wrong

Education helps us
differentiate what is
right and wrong.
Stability
Can get a job easily.
Stability comes when
you are on your own.
Knowledge
Knowledge makes you
aware, potentially
updated and also open
minded
Independence
Education makes you
grow into an
independent-minded
person
Strengthen Confidence
An educated is a confident
person. It develops positive
outlook, and allows us to believe
in ourselves. Self-belief is the
most wanted trait in a human
being. Making us believe that we
are ready to take on the world.
 SOCIAL &
POLITICAL
STRATIFICATIO
Social Stratification
- describe the system of social
standing
- it implies the division or classification
of members of society into different
strata (singular: stratum), promoting the
development of hierarchy among social
group.
Karl Maxx
• it in terms wealth produced in
relation to the ownership of
means of production.
• Wealth may refer to money,
properties, and similar tangible
resources.
Max Weber
• differentiates them into three:
wealth, power, and prestige.
• Individual’s social standing can
be measured, all at once, based
on their relative access to these
three.
Political Stratification
- can be related to norms, values, class
structures, status groups, associations,
and laws, which structure the relations
between individual.
Social Desirables
- refers to factors that are
somewhat accepted or
desired in a certain society.
- may be associated with
social status, popularity,
acceptance, or approval.
Wealth
- pertains to the accumulated
economic capital of an
individual or group. The extent
of the amassed wealth of an
individual or group usually
determines its capacity for
influence in decision-making in
society.
Power
- as the capacity of an
individual to influence
another person to perform
an act that he or she would
not otherwise.
- involves benefits and
privileges.
Prestige
- Wealth + Power
- as a level of honor in human society
attached to different groups with
reference to the group’s occupation.
- The level of prestige depends on the
job professionalism of individuals in
relation to training rather than their
job income
Social Mobility
- the shift in social status or rank of an individual
within the frame of a social structure.
- the forms, nature, and directions of social mobility
are highly dependent on the social stratification of
every society, which may change from time to
time.
 Vertical
Mobility
- involves the upward and downward mobility, which means a
progression of social status related to class, power, and prestige.

Two Main Types

1. Upward Mobility-upward movement in social class. May be
through education, employment or marriage
2. Downward Mobility – lowering of social class brought by
economic setbacks, unemployment illness and dropping out of
school
 Horizontal Mobility
- refers to the movement from one status to
another within the same social category. It
may be a transfer of position to another area
but with no other changes in the position.
 4 TYPES OF
STRATIFICATIO
N SYSTEMS
 1. Class
- donates the classification of an individual or group
of persons having explicit societal status based on
acquired characteristics.
- In 17th century Europe, the main qualification to
be a member of a certain hierarchical class depends
mostly in three things: wealth, economic
occupation, and power.
 1. Class
- Vertical social mobility is seen as a movement in
the class system because it represents an open
system, wherein an economic area is the main
concern rather than economic groups or divisions.
 1. Class
• The upper class is composed of the elite group
(e.g., institutional leaders, capitalists).
• The middle class consists of the scientific and
technical individuals of the society (e.g.,
engineers, accountants, lawyers).
• The lower class comprises the working class
(e.g., laborers) and the poor.
 2. Caste
• is related to the concept of Hindu practice, tradition,
and culture, which is rooted in divine sanction and
custom.

• The term caste is derived from the Spaniards

meaning “breed.” Thus, caste also means “race” in
society. The Sanskrit word for caste is varna meaning
“color”.
 2. Caste
• The Hindu caste system is a closed system, as it
does not allow for social mobility. An individual
who is born a Shudra (worker) came from
parents who are of the same caste.
 Caste
System
Caste System
• Brahmins- highest position next to gods, and they
include the priests and academics, enjoy special
privileges such as conducting temple worships and
prayers, making them superior and sacred
• •Kshatriyas-warriors and kings for the purpose of
defense and protection management.
Caste System
• Vaishyas - include landowners and merchants who
perform agricultural production. The lowest position
in the caste system is occupied by the
• Shudras - servants and workers for the other caste
system.
• The untouchables have no caste system, which
signifies that these groups are outcasts.
 3. Estate
• is identical to the practice of feudalism.
• It has its roots in pre-Revolution France, where
individuals where ranked according to three
categories: clergy, nobility, and commoners.
• The final authority in this system was the king.
 3. Estate
• is based on existing legal structures that defined
members’ status, rights and duties.
• estate system related to political group
participation, and possessed political powers.
 4. Slavery
• system of stratification in which one person owns
another, as he or she would own property, and
exploits the slave's labor for economic gain.
• Slaves are one of the lowest categories in any
stratification system, as they possess virtually no
power or wealth of their own.
 Theoretical
Perspective on
Social Stratification
 Conflict Theory
• Stratification causes inequality. Drawn from the
ideas of Karl Marx.
• Social stratification is influenced by economic
forces and relationship in society are defined by
factors in production.
 Conflict Theory
Two Groups:

a. Bourgeois- own factors of production (Upper Class)

b. Ploretariat- workers who provide manual labor

(Lower Class)
 Symbolic
• TheyInteractionism
observe how social standing affects
people’s everyday interactions and how the
concept of “social class” is constructed and
maintained through everyday interactions.
 Functionalism
Perspective
• The functionalist perspective states that
systems exist in society for good reasons.
Thank,
you