Professional Conduct

and Ethical
Standards
Course Code: CRIM4
UNITS: 3
 “ THE POLICE SHOULD POSSESS THE
WISDOM OF SOLOMON, THE KINDNESS OF
JOB, THE LEADERSHIP OF MOSES, THE
STRATEGY OF ALEXANDER, THE GREAT FAITH
OF DAVID, THE DIPLOMACY OF LINCOLN AND
THE RELIANCE OF THE CARPENTER OF
NAZARET ”

AUGUST VOLLMER
 POLICE ETHICS
• Itis the practical science that treats the
principles of human morality and duty
as applied to law enforcement
 ETHICS
• It is the normative science of the conduct of
human being living in a society. They are rules
of conduct.
• The science of the morality of human acts.
• Derived from the Greek word, ethos, which
means characteristics way of acting and ethikos,
which means customary.
• Ethics employs the faculty of human reasoning
in tackling the important question of what makes
an upright life. Ethics is therefore a noble and
important science.
 ETHICS
• A branch of philosophy dealing with what are
good and bad with moral duty and obligation.
• A set of principles of right conduct. It is a set of
moral values: the principle of conduct governing
an individual or a group. Refers to practical
science of the normality of human conduct. A
theory or a system of moral values.
 MORALITY
• The quality which makes an act good or bad,
good or evil, right or wrong.

MORALS
• Have a greater social elements to values and
tend to have a very broad acceptance.
 MORAL DISTINCTION

• Moral • Good, Right

• Bad, Wrong
• Immoral
• Neither Good or Bad
• Amoral
 HUMAN ACTS
• Acts that are done knowingly, deliberately and
freely.
ELEMENTS OF HUMAN ACTS

1. Knowingly – when the person fully understands what

he is doing and has the ability to appreciate the
consequences of his actions.
2. Deliberately- when the person did his actions
intentionally
3. Freely- when the person performed his actions
voluntarily.
TWO DIVISIONS OF ETHICS
1. GENERAL ETHICS – the study of the general principle of
morality

2. SPECIAL ETHICS – the study of the general principles of

morality; included in this division is the category of
professional Ethics.

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

- An set of moral code to which every profession must subscribe.

- Guides the professional where the law is silent or inadequate.
 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
• A set of moral code to which every profession
must subscribe.
• Guide the professional where the law is silent or
inadequate.

POLICE ETHICS
• An example of professional ethics
• A practical science that treats the principal of
human morality and duty as applied to law
enforcement
 VALUES
• Anything that a person considers important in life, such as
material things, ideas and experiences .

KIND OF VALUES

1. BIOLOGICAL VALUES – Those that are necessary for

survival, such as food, shelter, clothing, sex, water, sleep.

-include the physiological needs of man as man.

2. PHYCHOLOGICAL VALUES - Those are that are necessary

for emotional fulfillment of man, such as relationships
companionship, family, friendships, love.
3. INTELLECTUAL VALUES - Those are that are
necessary for the intellectual fulfill intellectual
fulfillment of man, such as achievements, career,
success.
4.

MORAL VALUES -Those that are necessary for the

spiritual fulfillment of man.
 VIRTUES
• A habit that inclines the person to act in a way
that harmonizes with his nature.
• The habit of doing good.
• The opposite is vice, the habit of doing bad
FOUR MORAL/CARDINAL VIRTUES
1. RUDENCE - The ability to govern and
discipline oneself by means of reason and sound
judgment.
- The virtue that attracts the intellect to
choose the most effective means for
accomplishing what is morally good and
avoiding what is evil.
2. TEMPERANCE – One’s ability to
moderate or avoid something.
- The virtue that regulates the carnal appetite for
sensual pleasures.
3. FORTITUDE – Firmness of mind.
- The courage to endure without yielding
- The courage to endure without yielding
- The virtue that incites courage
A. PATIENCE – calmness and composure in
enduring situations.
B. PERSEVERANCE – The ability to go on despite
the obstacles.
C. ENDURANCE – The ability to last.

4. JUSTICE – The virtue that indicates the will to

give to each of his rights.
THREE DIVISIONS OF JUSTICE
1. COMMUTATIVE - Virtue that regulates
those actions that involve the rights that exist
between one and another
2. DISTRIBUTIVE – Regulates those actions
that involve the rights than an individual may
claim from society
3. LEGAL – Virtue that regulates those actions
which society may just require of the individual
for the common good.
 RIGHT
• Anything that is owed or due
• Something to which a person has a just and lawful claim
• Anything that a person can lawfully demand

HUMAN RIGHTS
• Right anything that is owed or due.
• Rights inherent to man by virtue of being a human being.
• Are the supreme, inherent and inalienable rights to life,
dignity and self-development.
 BILL OF RIGHTS
• A list of individual liberties, freedom and rights
which are guaranteed and protected under article 3
of the 1987 constitution
• Protect of the individuals against abuses of the state
• Protection of the rights of an accused
DUTY
• Anything we are obligated to do or not to omit
• A moral obligation incumbent upon a person of doing,
omitting or avoiding.
• For every right, there is corresponding duty.
 PART TWO

THE PHILLIPINE NATIONAL POLICE

CODE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
AND ETHICAL STANDARDS
BACKGROUND ON THE PNP CODE
OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND
ETHICAL STANDARDS
CRIM4
 SECTION 37, R.A 6975
• “ The shall be established a performance evaluation
system which shall be administered in accordance with the
rules, regulations and standards and A CODE OF
CONDUCT promulgated by the commission for members
of the PNP ”
NOPOLCOM RESOLUTION NO. 92-4
• Resolution issued by the NAPOLCOM approving the
draft of the Philippines National Police Code of
Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards by the PNP
• Approved on 12 March 1992.
R.A. NO. 6713 – THE LAW THAT PROVIDES THE
CODE OF ETHICS FOR PUBLIC OFFICIALS,
OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES.
R.A 3019 – THE ANTI GRAFT ANDD CORRUPT
PRACTICES ACTS.
 PURPOSES OF THE CODE
1. To foster individual efficiency, behavioral discipline and
organizational effectiveness, as well as respect for the
constitutional and human rights of citizens, democratic
principles and ideals and the supremacy of civilian
authority over the military.
2. To set the moral tone and norms of professional conduct
in the police service;
3. To provide moral and ethical guidance to all PNP
members; and
4. To enlighten member of the police service oof what
behavior is really acceptable – to define what is
permitted and what is prohibited.
LAWS RELATED TO THE PNP CODE

1. R.A 3019 – Anti- Graft and corruption Practice Act.

2. R.A 6713 – Code of conduct and ethical standards for
the public officials and employees
3. R.A 7080 – Anti-Plunder Act (ill-gotten wealth)
4. R.A 9485 – The Anti-Red tape Act of 2007
5. PLEB Rules and regulation
 IMPORTANT TERMS
• NON-FEASANCE – The failure to perform an act or duty that
is part of one’s obligation without sufficient excuse.
• MALFEASANCE – The commission of an act that one is
prohibited to do.
• MISFESANCE - The improper or incorrect performance of an
act that should done or performed.
• IMCOMPETENCY – Lack of adequate ability and fitness for
the satisfactory performance of police duties; could be due to
physical or intellectual limitations or lack of skill.
• GRATUITIES – Are material favors or gifts in
return for service; the universal code of ethics for
law enforcers disapproves gratuities. ( Lingo
pasasalamat, Padulas and pagbagsak)
• PASALAMAT – Refers to the acceptance of gifts,
money or favor as a result of an act performed by a
police officer or public servant.
• PABAGSAL – Is used to denote the giving of
money or favor and acceptance of any public to
performance his her functions.
• PADULAS – Refers to the taking of money, gifts
or favor from others by a public servant to expedite
the performance of official functions.
 POLICE BRUTALITY

• Denotes unreasonable and unnecessary use of force,

commonly done in effecting arrests of criminal offenders,
fugitives from justice and suspects for abuse in the
manner of executing a warrant of arrest, search and
seizures.
DISLOYALTY TO THE GOVERNMENT
• Abandonment or renunciation of one’s loyalty to
government of the Philippines.
• Advocating to overthrown the present administration.
POLICE DISCRETION
• The act or the liberty to decide according to the principles
of justice and police officers ideas of what is right and
proper under the circumstances
 ACTIVITY NO.1

1. Summarize and internalize THE LAW

ENFORECEMNT CODE OF ETHICS.
2. What is the PNP CORE VALUE give at least (5)
examples and explain with your own understanding.
3. Write the POLICE OFFICER’S CREED.

NOTE: Write in a one whole sheet of clean paper, yellow

pad, bond paper can do. Submit on time.
 PHILIPPINES NATIONAL POLICE CODE OF
PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHIHCAL
STANDRADS
CANONS OF POLICE ETHICS

1. Primordial Police Responsibility – the primary responsibility of the police is

crime prevention.

2. Limitation of Police Authority – Laws set limits to the power of the police.

- Police officers are not exempted from obeying the Laws they are
enforcing.

3. Knowing of the law and other responsibilities

- police officers are expected to know and understand the laws they are
enforcing

- police officer must know fully and understand their duties and
responsibilities as a law enforcement officer.

- police officers must fully understand the relationship of the PNP

organization and other related enforcement agencies and other government agencies.
4. Use of Proper Means to obtain proper Ends – police officers must only
employ legal methods in the conduct of their work.
5. Cooperation with Public Officials – Police officers must cooperate with
other public officials and government agencies.
6. Proper conduct and Behavior – Police officer must always observe proper
conduct and behavior both in their personal and official life.
7. Conduct towards the community – police officers must never forget that
they are public servants.
8. Conduct in arresting Law Violators – Police officer must always adhere
to the prescribe rules when effecting arrests of suspect.
9. Firmness in Refusing Gifts – Police officer must never ask for nor accept
gifts or special favors.
10. Attitude towards Police Profession – Police officer must have a high
regard for police profession and must be proud that they are police officers.
– Police officers must strive to improve their knowledge and skills in order
be the best police officers
 PROFESSIONAL POLICE ETHICS PRINCIPLE

• 1. Prevention of Crime and Disorder – It is the primary objective

of the police to prevent crime.
• 2. Cooperation of the community - the police is dependent
upon community support.
• 3. Unreasonable force reduces community cooperation – the use
of reasonable force on the part of the police negatively affects the
desire of the people cooperation with the police
• 4. Use of Reasonable force when community cooperation – The
police may only use force when dialogue is no longer effective and
the degree of force to be used must be reasonable.
• 5 Impartial Enforcement Laws – the police officer must fair in
enforcing the laws.
• 6. The community are the police – the police and community are
dependent on each other and must work hand in hand to prevent
crimes.
• 7. Police should not Usurp Judicial Power – The police has no
power or authority to decide whether a suspect is guilty or
innocent of crime because only the court has this power.
• 8. Rules of engagement Impartially Observed – the police must
always adhere to the prescribed procedures in the performance of
their duty.
• 9 Reduction of crime and Disorder – the effectiveness of the
police is measured through the ability of the police to prevent
crime.
• 10 Police Discretion – the police must never abuse the police
discretion granted to them.
 PNP STAND OF BASIC ISSUES
• 1. PNP IMAGE – The PNP shall live in accordance with the
PNP Core values and shall possess the following; HONOR,
INTEGRITY, VALOR, JUSTICE, HONESTY, HUMLITY,
CHARITY, LOYALTY TO SERVICE.
• 2. Career Management – the PNP shall formulate and
implement policies and human resources, development system
for the PNP personnel, from recruitment to retirement.
• 3.Police Management Leadership – the primary basis for
consideration in the selection of the personnel for employment
and deployment shall be the individuals capabilities and
competent leadership.
• 4. Equality in the service – There shall be judicious and
equitable distribution of opportunity to prove one’s worth in the
PNP service;
• 5. Delicadeza – All members of the PNP must have moral
• 6. Police Lifestyle- the PNP shall endeavor to promote a life
style that is acceptable and responsible and respectable in the
eyes of the public officer to live a simple, yet dignified life.
• 7. Political Patronage – All PNP members shall inhabit from
soliciting political patronage in matters pertaining to
assignments, promotions, trainings and awards.
• 8. Human Rights – All PNP members shall respect and protect
human dignity and man’s right to life, liberty and property.
 POLICE PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT

1. Commitment To Democracy – police officer must commit themselves

to a democratic way of life and values and maintain the principle of
public accountability.
2. Commitment to Public Interest – Police officers must always uphold
public interest over and above personal interest.
3. Non- Partisanship – police officer shall provide services to everyone
without discrimination regardless of political affiliation in accordance
with existing laws and regulation.
4. Physical Fitness and health - police officers shall strive to be
physically and mentally fit and in good health at all times.
5. Secrecy Discipline – police officers shall guard the confidentiality of
the official information against unauthorized access and disclosure.
• 6. Social Awareness – police officer, as well as their immediate family members,
shall be encouraged to actively get involved in religious, social and civic activities
to enhance the image of the PNP organization.
• 7. Proper Care and used of the Public property – Police officers shall be
responsible for the security, proper care and use of public authority issued to them
for the performance of their duties.
• 8. Devotion to Duty – police officers shall perform their duties with dedication,
thoroughness., efficiency, enthusiasm, determination and manifest concern for
public welfare.
• 9. Discipline – police officers shall conduct themselves properly at all times in
keeping with the rules and regulations of the organization.
• 10. Loyalty – police officers must shall conduct themselves proper at all times in
keeping with the rules and regulation.
• 11. Obedience to Superiors – police officers shall obey lawful orders and be
courteous to superior officers to superior officers and other appropriate authorities.
• 12. Command Responsibility – immediate commanders shall responsible for the
effective supervision control and direction of their personnel.
 ETHICAL STANDARDS
• 1. Integrity – police officers shall not allow themselves to be
victims of corruption and dishonest practice.
• 2. Justice – police officers shall strive constantly to respect the
rights of the others.
• 3. Humility - police officers shall recognize the facts that they
are public servants and not the masters of the people.
• 4. Orderliness – Police officers shall follow logical procedures
in accomplishing task assigned to them to minimize wasted time
and resources.
• 5. Perseverance – Police officers must exert all efforts to
achieve their goal or mission even in the face of difficulties and
obstacles.
 CORRUPT POLICE UNIT
5 Categories of officers who could possibly exist in corrupt police officer or unit;

1. White Knights – these policemen are straightforward fellow.

2. Straight shooter – These are honest policemen who are ready

to hide the corrupt practices of their comrades as part of
camaraderie.

3. Grass Eaters or Vegetarian Cops – are police officers who

engage in relatively minor type of corruption opportunities as
they present themselves.

4. Meat Eaters or Carnivorous Cops – are police officers who

actively seek out corruption opportunities and engaged in both
minor and major patterns of corruption.

5. Rogues – Are policemen who are considered having all the

deviant behavior of a corrupt.
 PNP CUSTOMS AND
TRADITIONS
• CUSTOMS – Established usage or social practice carried on by
tradition that have obtained the force of law.
• PNP CUSTOMS ON COURTESY – a manifestation or expression
of consideration and respect for others.
• SALUTE – the usual greeting rendered by uniformed personnel
upon meeting and recognizing persons entitled it.
• SALUTE TO NATIONAL COLOR AND STANDARD – Police
officers must stand at attention and salute the national color and
standard as it passes by them or when the national color is raised or
lowered during ceremonies.
• ADDRESS/TITLE – junior in rank must address senior members
who are entitled to salute with the ‘’SIR or MA’AM.
 COURTESY CALLS
1. COURTESY CALL OF NEWLY- ASSIGNED/
APPOINTED MEMBER – PNP members who are newly-
assigned or appointed to unit command must call on the chief
of the unit or command and other key personnel for
accounting, orientation and other purposes

2. CHRISTMAS CALL – PNP members pay a Christmas call on

their local executives in their respective area of responsibility.

3. NEW YEAR’S CALL – PNP members pay a new years call

on their commanders and/ or key officials in their respective
area of responsibility.

‘ RANK-HAS-ITS-OWN-PRIVILLEGE’’ – PNP members must

acknowledge that different ranks carry with them corresponding
privileges.
 PNP CUSTOMS ON CEREMONIES
• CEREMONY – Formal set of formal acts established by
customs or authority as proper to special occasion.
• FLAG RAISING CEREMONY – PNP members honor the flag
by raising it and signing the National Anthem before the start of
the official day’s work.
• FLAG-RETREAT CEREMONY – PNP members salute the
lowering of the flag at the official day’s work.
• HALF-MAST – The flag raised at half- mast in difference to
deceased uniformed members of the honor.

• *HAPPY HOURS – Usually on Friday.

 POLICE TRADITIONS
• TRADITIONS – Bodies beliefs, stories, customs and usages handed
down from generation to generation with the effect of an unwritten law.

1. SPIRITUAL BELIEFS – PNP members are traditionally religious

and God-loving persons; they attend religious services together with
the member of their family.

2. VALOR – Police Officer sacrifice their lives and limbs for the people
they have pledged to serve.

3. PATRIOTISM – manifest their lives and limbs for the love of

country with a pledge of allegiance to the flag and a vow to defend
the constitution.

4. WORD OF HONOR – Police officers stand by, and commit to

uphold, their word.

5. CAMARADERIE – binding spirit that enhances teamwork and

cooperation in the police organization.
 PNP CUSTOMS ON SOCIAL
DECORUM
• SOCIAL DECORUM – A set of norms and standards
practice by member during social and other functions.

POLICE CUSTOMS ON SOCIAL DECORUM

1. PROPER ATTIRE – PNP members always wear appropriate

and proper attire in conformity with the occasion.

2. TABLE MANNERS – PNP members observe table etiquette

at all time.

3. SOCIAL GRACES – PNP members conduct themselves

properly in dealing with people during social functions.
 ACTIVITY NO. 2
• Write the POLICE OFFICER’S PLEDGE.

• Based on POLICE OFFICER’S PLEDGE ( as future law

enforcer officer) how do you apply this pledge in your country
and people?

 Write the mission and vision of the PNP.

NOTE: Write in a one whole sheet of clean paper, yellow pad,

bond paper can do. Submit on time.
SECRECY DISCIPLINE
• Honest in thought and deed in both my
personal official life. I will be exemplary
in obeying the laws of the land and
regulations of my organization.
• Whatever I see or hear of a confidential
nature or that is confided to me in my
official capacity will be kept ever secret
 POLICE
• A Group of persons established, maintained and organized form
keeping order, safety, protection of live and property and for
prevention and detection of crimes.
• COMMUNITY – Refers to the civilian populace or the public in
general, and shall be used interchangeably with the terms, public,
citizenry, society and private sector.
- derived from the latin words, commis, which means common,
tatis words, tatis which means fellowship.

POLICE PUBLIC RELATIONS – The continuing process by

which endeavor are made to obtain the good will and cooperation of
the public for effective enforcement of the law and accomplishment
of the police purpose.
• POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS – Sum total of
the dealings between the police and the people it serves,
and whose goodwill and cooperation it craves, for the
greatest possible efficiency in the service

• HUMAN RELATIONS – Consist of the fundamental

rules both moral an legal, which govern the relationship of
men in all aspect of life.

• PROPAGANDA – Planned use of mass communication

for public purpose.
• POLICE PUBLIC IMAGE – Refers to how the people
in the community perceive or regards the police.
THE POLICE OFFICER’S INDIVIDUALS
AND PUBLIC RELATIONS
CATEGORIES OF INDIVIDUALS PUBLIC RELATIONS

1. DOMESTICS RELATIONS – Police officer’s dealing with

his family, parents and immediate relatives.

2. NEIGHBORHOOD RELATIONS – Police Officer’s dealing

with his neighbors.

3. COMMUNITY RELATIONS – Police Officers dealing with

the citizens of the community, city or town where he lives, and
his membership or contribution to the civic organization or
community associations in the locality.

4. CHURCH RELATIONS – Police officers dealings with the

religious congregation of faith where he belongs.

5. GOVERNMENT RELATIONS – Police Officer’s dealings

with the government and its instrumentalities.
 MEASURES TO ENHANCE POLICE
PUBLIC IMAGE
1. Increased police visibility through the dispersal of
personnel from the headquarters tom the field offices;
2. Efficient and Optimized delivery of police services to
communities;
3. Constant dialogue and meetings with the barangay
officials in their respective territorial jurisdictions.
4. Community service-oriented policing by conducting
seminars for the traffic aides, police aides and the
barangay tanod; and
5. Coordination with the media for image enhancing
projects.
 OTHER FORM OF POLICE
MISCONDUCT
1. BRUTALITY - Police brutality refers to unnecessary and
unreasonable use of force in affecting arrest or abuse in the
manner of conducting search and seizure.
2. SEXUAL MISCONDUCT - Is a kind of police misconduct
which is commonly committed by policeman who sexually
molested female or male client who have transaction with the
police office. It is a sexual harassments behavior of police man.
3. POLICE LYING – Police lying and other deceptive practices
are in fact part of working environment. Lies and deception
vary as to whether or not they should be considered ethical
violations or are necessary for the police to accomplish their
tasks. To amplify what are lies, they are categorized as follows.
• 4. ACCEPTED LYING – this is to be considered part of
police working environment, like for example in discreet
operation. Lying as a deceptive ploy is allowed and is
advisable.
• 5 TOLERATE LYING – are those which are recognized
as lies but tolerated as necessary to explain inadequacy or
inefficiency of the police organization. For example, in a
certain crime where there was neither witness nor evidence
as it was really made perfect. The police officers may lie to
the victim rather than to reveal that the crime is impossible
to solve.
• 6. DEVIANT LYING – This involves lies that violate
substantive or procedural laws and police officer rules and
regulations.
• 7. USED OF DRUGS – Policemen who are assigned
in Narcotics Command are those who are susceptible
to include to taste drugs for recreational purpose or
just to experience using it. Without their knowing,
they are already hooked it.

-END
 “I CAN DO ALL THINGS
THROUGH CHRIST WHO
STRENGTHENS ME”

Philippians 4:13