Managers

and
Management
Learning Outcomes
• Tell who managers are and where they work
• Describe what managers do
• Explain why it’s important to study
management
• Describe the factors that are reshaping and
redefining management

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Who Are Managers?
Where Do They Work?
• Organization
– A deliberate arrangement of people brought
together to accomplish a specific purpose.
• Common Characteristics of Organizations
– Distinct purpose
– People working together
– A deliberate systematic structure

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How Are Managers Different from
Nonmanagerial Employees?

• Nonmanagerial Employees
– People who work directly on a job or task and
have no responsibility for overseeing the work of
others.
– Examples, associates, team members
• Managers
– Individuals in organizations who direct the
activities of others.

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What Titles Do Managers Have?
• Top Managers
– Responsible for making decisions about the direction
of the organization.
– Examples; President, Chief Executive Officer, Vice-
President
• Middle Managers
– Manage the activities of other managers.
– Examples; District Manager, Division Manager
• First-line Managers
– Responsible for directing nonmanagerial employees
– Examples; Supervisor, Team Leader

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What Do Managers Do?

In the functions approach

proposed by French
industrialist Henri
Fayol, all managers
perform certain
activities or functions

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What Roles Do Managers Play?
Henry Mintzberg observed that a manager’s job can be
described by ten roles performed by managers in
three general categories
• Interpersonal Roles
– Figurehead, Leader, and Liaison
• Informational Roles
– Monitor, Disseminator and Spokesperson
• Decisional roles
– Entrepreneur, Disturbance Handler, Resource
Allocator and Negotiator
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What Skills Do Managers Need?
Robert Katz and others describe four critical skills in
managing
• Conceptual Skills
– Used to analyze complex situations
• Interpersonal Skills
– Used to communicate, motivate, mentor and delegate
• Technical Skills
– Based on specialized knowledge required for work
• Political Skills
– Used to build a power base and establish connections

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Is The Manager’s Job Universal?
The previous discussion describe management as a generic
activity. In reality, a manager’s job varies with along
several dimensions
• Level in the Organization
– Top level managers do more planning than
supervisors
• Profit vs. Nonprofit
– Management performance is measured on different
objectives

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Is the Manager’s Job Universal? (cont’d)
• Size of the
Organization
– Small businesses require
an emphasis in the
management role of
spokesperson
• National Borders
– These concepts work
best in English-speaking
countries and may need
to be modified in other
global environments

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Why Study
Management?
• All of us have a vested
interest in improving the way
organizations are managed
• Organizations that are well
managed find ways to
prosper even in challenging
economic times
• After graduation, most
students become managers or
are managed

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What Can Students of Management
Learn From Other Courses?
• Anthropology
– The study of social
societies which helps us
learn about humans and
their activities
• Economics
– Provides us with an
understanding of the
changing economy and
competition in a global
context

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What Can Students of Management
Learn From Other Courses?
• Philosophy • Psychology
– Inquires into the nature – The science that seeks to
of things, particularly measure, explain and
values and ethics sometimes change the
behavior of humans
• Political Science • Sociology
– The study of behavior – The study of people in
and groups within a relationship to their
political environment fellow human beings

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What Factors Are Reshaping and
Redefining Management?
Welcome to the new world of management!
Today managers must deal with
– Changing workplaces
– Ethical and trust issues
– Global economic uncertainties
– Changing technologies

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What Factors Are Reshaping and
Redefining Management?
• Digital Transformation:
• Impact: The digital revolution has fundamentally
changed how businesses operate, connect with
customers, and manage data.
• Management Purpose: Management now needs to
focus on leveraging digital technologies for
innovation, efficiency, and improved customer
experiences.

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What Factors Are Reshaping and
Redefining Management?
• Globalization:
• Impact: The interconnectedness of global markets
has increased competition and created new
opportunities and challenges.
• Management Purpose: Managers must navigate
diverse cultures, regulatory environments, and
market conditions, requiring a global mindset and
strategic adaptation.

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What Factors Are Reshaping and
Redefining Management?
• Emphasis on Innovation:
• Impact: Rapid technological advancements and
changing consumer expectations necessitate
continuous innovation.
• Management Purpose: Leaders need to foster a
culture of creativity and innovation, encouraging
employees to contribute ideas, experiment, and
adapt to emerging trends.

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What Factors Are Reshaping and
Redefining Management?
• Focus on Sustainability:
• Impact: Growing awareness of environmental and
social issues has shifted business priorities towards
sustainability and corporate social responsibility.
• Management Purpose: Management is increasingly
tasked with integrating sustainability into business
strategies, ensuring ethical practices, and
addressing environmental and social concerns.

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What Factors Are Reshaping and
Redefining Management?
• Shift in Workforce Dynamics:
• Impact: Changes in demographics, the rise of the
gig economy, and remote work trends are
reshaping traditional workforce structures.
• Management Purpose: Leaders must adapt to
diverse and flexible work arrangements, prioritize
employee well-being, and foster a culture of
inclusivity and collaboration.

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What Factors Are Reshaping and
Redefining Management?
• Ethical Leadership:
• Impact: Instances of corporate misconduct have
highlighted the importance of ethical leadership.
• Management Purpose: Leaders are expected to
demonstrate ethical behavior, promote a culture of
integrity, and make decisions that align with
societal values.

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What Factors Are Reshaping and
Redefining Management?
• Data-Driven Decision-Making:
• Impact: The availability of big data and advanced
analytics tools has transformed decision-making
processes.
• Management Purpose: Managers need to be
proficient in data analysis, using insights to inform
strategic decisions and enhance operational
efficiency.

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Why Are Customers Important to
the Manager’s Job?
• Without customers most organizations would
cease to exist
• Today we’re discovering that employee
attitudes and behaviors play a big part in
customer satisfaction
• Managers must create a customer responsive
where employees are friendly, knowledgeable,
responsive g to customer needs

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