History of the development of dentistry as a

medical science
in the world and in Georgia

Prof. Vladimir Margvelashvili

Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi state university

Dentistry
Greek : "stoma" - mouth, "logos" - word

Medical direction that studies the structure of the teeth,

the causes, treatment and prevention of diseases of the
teeth, tongue,
oral mucosa, jaws, face and neck and cold and soft
tissues
Areas of dentistry:

therapy
pediatric therapy
prosthodontics
surgery
Maxillofacial
surgery
Orthodontics
 3 stages of development

I From Antiquity to the Renaissance:

Goldsmiths, massage therapists and etc.

II Prosthetics of teeth has become the field of

specialization of
surgeons with special talent, often members of kingdom.

III From the 19th century to the present day - medical

specialty.
First, people with a secondary specialty, then higher
medical education.
 Historical data

Wooden prosthesis of Egyptian pharaoh Khafres –

made 4500 years ago

Artificial teeth discovered during the archaeological research of

the city of Sidon –
a prototype of a modern bridge-like prosthesis (4th-5th centuries
BC)

In the laws of the Twelve Tables of Rome (before the 5th century
AD) –
strengthening of teeth with gold wires Materials: gold, ivory or bull
bone, wood,
human teeth
ldest implant is dated to the IV century BC (lower jaw 41,42,
The first metal implant was used in c. in
the 1st century

Bower's book on the history of medicine (1556),

informs us that metal implants were first used
in Italy
Historical data

Abul-Qasim - Arab doctor (936-1013)

described dental prosthetics as a medical science

An exact description of the method of applying gold

or silver ligatures to strengthen teeth

Doctor Giovanni Arcole (early 15th century)

Filling carious cavities with gold leaf
 Historical data

broise Pare XVI century.

sting teeth were replaced with artificial teeth made of elephant or bull b
ured with gold ligatures.

was the first to carve out a group of teeth from a single piece of bone

t attempt to replace hard palate defects with floating obturators

 Historical data

Bidloo
10 - Book of general prosthetics - restoration or filling of any
ficiency in the human body

toration of a body part that no longer exists

storing function to maintain the functionality of any part

he body

intaining the beauty and color of the body.

artificial eye cannot restore sight, but it restores beauty.
other example - artificial teeth inserted in the mouth

en the unnatural structure of any part distroys the appearanc

Pierre Fauchard - the founder of scientific dentistry
1728 Handbook of Pierre Fauchard
"Dental surgery or a tractate (treatise) on teeth"

Fastening removable prostheses with springs

Connecting the palate obturator to the prosthesis

Construction of pin-type teeth

Aligning the location of teeth with the help of ligature and

primitive orthodontic apparatus
Placing enamel on the gold surface of the prosthesis - the
first attempt of facing
 Green Vardiman Black
1836-1915

Dental fluorosis
Mechanical leg dental machine
Principles of tooth preparation
Classification of tooth damage
Historical data

1720 - taking an impression with wax

1764 - Invention of artificial crowns and removable denture
fixation clamps
1788 - use of porcelain for prostheses Porcelain as the
basic material of the prosthesis
1808 - Making porcelain teeth with metal pins
1839 - Gudyer invents the method of vulcanizing rubber
1840 - use of plaster for taking impression
1848 - vulcanized rubber was first used in dental
prosthetics.
It was used for almost 100 years, until the invention of
acrylic plastic
Vulcanization Apparatus, 1910
 Historical data

erm articulation - v. Bonneville, 1865.

al occlusal curve - Shpee, 1890.

rst, primitive plaster articulator - Gario, 1805.

lation was called "a chain of alternating ocutions“

Gisi (1865-1957)

ively perfect articulator - Bonville, 1865.

carious cavities with gold alloy - Murphy, 1879.

- to restore the anatomical shape of tooth crowns - de Saran

Articulators, 1900
Extraction Pelicans, 1870s
1910
 1780-1800 წწ.

"Dissertation on artificial teeth";

Dubua de Sheman's achievements in orthopedics;
First porcelain teeth;
artificial nose in severe form of syphilis;
 The scientific development of dental implantology
began in the 19th century

ious methods of fixing the artificial crown on the implant hav

en developed;

ter introduced the concept of antiseptic;

ey created metals that were resistant to corrosion in the

uid environment of the body.
1909 year
intraosseous implant.
 1969წ.
o Linkow
Intraosseous
perforated
plate implant
 1981 წ. – ITI (Straumann)
Implant with surface plasma treatment
Osteointegration Bronnemark, 1952.
1996
Saint Apollonia
Unknown Master
1480-1538
Amalgamatore 30s
Upper and Lower set of Teeth, 1500
X-ray Tube, 1920s
Oral Hygiene Set, 1814
Dentistry in Art
Young Man at the Tooth-Drawer’s, 17th Century
Japan, 19 Century
th
Pieter Angillis, 1685
1950s
1909
Goya
George Washington
Development of dentistry in Georgia
 Development of dentistry in Georgia

The first dentists arrived in Georgia in the last years of the

first half of the
19th century

In 1905, 2 private dental schools were opened in Tbilisi

Since 1978, dental polyclinic, department, office and dental

prosthesis laboratory have been opened.

in 1914, there were 56 dentists in East Georgia, 9 of them

Georgians.
The first Georgian
dentist

Chichinadze Varlam
1894
n 1926, the first multi-profile special treatment facilit
dental polyclinic - was opened in Tbilisi.

upervisor - Dr. Apollon Urushadze.

n June 30, 1922
t the Medical Faculty of Tbilisi State University
epartment of Odontology and Clinic was established

upervisor - Professor Grigol Mukhadze.

ssistant - V. Chichinadze
The main goal of the Department of Odontology
was the theoretical and practical training
of students of the last year of the Faculty of Medicin
of the State University in dentistry.
ember 18, 1928,
first higher educational odontological institute was opened in Tbilisi
he basis of the medical faculty of Tbilisi State University).

October 30, 1930, chairs of therapeutic, prosthetic and surgical dent

e Faculty of Dentistry were established in the Medical Institute.
 From September 1, 1948,
he dental institute joined the Tbilisi State Medical Institute
as a dental faculty.
mber 15-18, 1925,
st meeting of odontologists of Transcaucasian republics was held in T

meeting, issues of dental services for the population and training

cialists in the dental field were discussed
In 2001, the study program of dentistry
was restored
at Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State
University.

Department of Dentistry and Maxillofacial

Surgery was established
Supervisor - Prof. Vladimir (Mamuka)
Margvelashvili
18, 4 dental chairs were established:

apeutic dentistry. Head Prof. Ketevan Gogilashvili

ention of dentistry and dental diseases in child
Prof. Manana Kalandadze
cal Dentistry. Head Prof. Giorgi Menabde
opedic Dentistry and Implantology.
Prof. Vladimir Margvelashvili.

20, TSU received accreditation for the

h-language program of dentistry.
Thanks for your
attention!