Learning

Meaning, Nature, Types and

factors affecting it.

Jellou E. Luna
MAED-THE
Meaning and Nature
Learning
Is the acquisition of new behavior or the
strengthening or the weakening of old
behavior as the result of the experience.
Henry P. Smith (1962)
Learning
It is an episode in which a motivated
individual attempts to adapt his behavior to
succeed in a situation that he perceives as
requiring action to attain a goal.
Pressey, Robinsons and Horrocks (1967)
Meaning and Nature

Learning Learning
is a dynamic process resulting in a change in is a key process in human behavior.
behavior or knowledge, influenced and
shaped by various experiences.
Meaning and Nature

Learning
• Is a continuous modification of behavior that continues throughout life.
• Learning is pervasive.
• Learning involves a whole person.
• Learning is often a change in the organization of behavior.
• Learning is development.
• Learning is responsive to incentives.
• Learning is always concerned with goals.
Process of Learning
Learning starts right from the birth and continues throughout the life. It is carried out
through steps.

A block to the
A motive An
attainment of the goal.
or a drive attractive goal
Factors affecting the learning

Learning process is centered around three elements:

Psychological Factor Types of Learning Material or

of the Learner Experiences Resources
Types of Learning

1. Motor Learning 2. Verbal learning 3. Concept learning

Most of our activities in our day- This type of learning involves the It is a form of learning which
to-days life refer to motor language we speak, and the requires higher-order mental
activities. communication devices we use. processes like thinking, reasoning,
intelligence, etc.
Types of Learning
4. Discrimination learning
Learning to differentiate between
stimuli and showing an
appropriate response to these
stimuli.
5. Learning of principles
It’s a guideline for how people
learn most effectively.
6. Problem solving
This is a higher-order learning
process. This learning requires the
use of cognitive abilities such as
thinking, reasoning, observation,
imagination, generalization, etc.
Types of Learning

7. Attitude learning

Attitude is a predisposition that

determines and directs our
behavior. We develop different
attitudes from childhood about the
people, objects, and everything we
know.
Basic Theories of Learning

What is Learning Theory?

This is a set of principles that explain how individuals acquire,

retain, and recall knowledge.

It is defined as a set of different concepts that observe,

describe, explain, and guide the learning process of people and
everything that relates to this process.
Basic Theories of Learning

Theories of Learning was classified into three perspectives:

Behaviorism Cognitivism Constructivism

Basic Theories of Learning
Behaviorism
Behaviorists compare the human
mind to a blank box or blank slate.
Behaviorists believe that learners
can be influenced by his or her
environment.
Cognitivism
Cognitivist compared the human
mind to a computer.
Cognitivists believe that learning
is an internal process.
Constructivism
Constructivists compared the mind
to a Rhizome. The mind is
connected without regard to any
particular hierarchy or position or
any internal or external
specifications. Constructivists
believe that learning is both
internal and external.
 Basic Theories of Learning
Law of Effect

Edward Thorndike

Is a belief that pleasing after the effect strengthens the action that produced
it. The negative after-effect weakens the actions that produced it.

Using rewards and praise to reinforce desirable behaviors and learning

outcomes.

For example, a teacher can give students points, stickers, or certificates for
completing assignments, participating in class, or showing improvement.
 Basic Theories of Learning
Reflect or Classical
Conditioning

Ivan Pavlov

The theory posits that when a naturally occurring stimulus

and an environmental stimulus are repeatedly paired, the
environmental stimulus will eventually elicit a similar
response to the natural stimulus.

It describes Learned involuntary responses through

association.

Creating positive associations with learning by pairing it

with enjoyable activities, rewards, or praise.
Basic Theories of Learning
Operant Conditioning

BF Skinner

Operant conditioning, also known as instrumental

conditioning, is a theory of learning where behavior is
influenced by its consequences. This form of conditioning
involves reinforcers, both positive and negative, as well as
primary, secondary, and generalized.
 Basic Theories of Learning

Social Learning
Theory

Social learning theory is a psychological theory that explains how

people learn by observing, imitating, and modeling others.

Creating a collaborative and cooperative learning environment, where

students can interact with and learn from each other.

For example, a teacher can assign students to work in groups, pairs, or

teams on a project, a discussion, or a game. Collaborative and
cooperative learning can enhance students’ social skills, communication
skills, and problem-solving skills
 Basic Theories of Learning
Cognitive Theories of
Learning
Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky &
John Dewey

• Cognitive learning is an active style of learning that focuses on

helping you learn how to maximize your brain’s potential. It makes it
easier for you to connect new information with existing ideas hence
deepening your memory and retention capacity.
• Stimulating students’ curiosity and interest by presenting challenging
and meaningful problems, questions, or tasks.
• For example, a teacher can use real-world scenarios, puzzles, or
games to engage students in learning.
• Curiosity and interest can activate students’ prior knowledge and
enhance their cognitive processing.
 Basic Theories of Learning
Bruner’s Theory of Learning

• Bruner's theory of learning proposes that learners construct their knowledge and
do this by organizing and categorizing information using a coding system.
• Bruner believed that the most effective way to develop a coding system is to
discover it rather than being told by the teacher. The theory is based on
motivating and incentivizing children's self-discovery.
• Using discovery learning, where students are encouraged to explore,
experiment, and inquire about the subject matter. For example, a teacher can
present students with a problem, a question, or a task, and let them find their
own solutions, answers, or products.
• Discovery learning can help students develop their curiosity, creativity, and
critical thinking.
Conclusions

Theories of learning help

teachers to connect to all
different kinds of students.
Focus on different styles to THE BEST METHOD IS
reach different students. THE METHOD THAT
Creating teaching that WORKS!
focuses on students’ needs
and aptitudes.
 References

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5wFLUSfCqw&t=361s
• https://www.psychologydiscussion.net/learning/learning-meaning-nature-
types-and-theories-of-learning/652
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PzTHof3RpUY
• https://www.iedunote.com/principles-of-learning
• https://www.learningbp.com/learning-theories-definition-and-characteristics-
every-educator-should-know/
• https://www.thoughtco.com/classical-conditioning-definition-examples-
4424672 https://learning-theories.com/social-learning-theory-bandura.html
• https://www.valamis.com/hub/cognitive-learning
The End
Thank You for Listening