Who am I ?

H ugo D e V ries
a Dutch botanist is known as a
proponent of the mutation theory of
evolution. The theory of mutation
was based on Oenothera
lamarckiana – evening primrose.
 GENETIC
MUTATIONS
Science Presentation
 Objectives
explain how mutation may cause changes in
structure and function of protein;

illustrate different types of genetic mutation ;

 Objectives
differentiate the kinds of genetic mutation ;

value the significant understanding about genetic

mutation and how it may affect one’s life.
 WHAT IS A GENETIC
MUTATION?

A genetic mutation is a
change that occurs in our
DNA code (sequence of
nucleotides).
THE FAT CAT SAT
THE FAT RAT SAT
1.What changes occur between the letter?

The letter C changes to letter R.

2. When the letter changes, what happen to the

meaning of the sentence?
When the letter C changes to letter R, it
changes it meaning
3. What is the relevance of the changes in letters to
mutation?

Mutation happens when one

nitrogenous base of the DNA is
replaced and the result is altered
codon
MISSENSE
MUTATION
THE FAT CAT SAT
THE FAT KAT SAT
1.What changes occur between the letter?

The letter C changes to letter k.

2. When the letter changes, what happen to the
meaning of the sentence?sound?
When the letter C changes to
letter K, it changes it meaning but
it sounds the same .
3. What is the relevance of the changes in letters to
mutation?

Mutation happens when one

nitrogenous base of the DNA is
replaced and the result is same
amino acid
SILENT MUTATION
THE FAT CAT SAT
THE FAT
1.What changes occur between the letter?

The letter discontinued.

2. What is the relation to mutation when the letter
discontinued, ?
Mutation results in the formation of a
stop codon due to the substitution of
one nitrogenous base
NONSENSE
MUTATION
What are the difference in
each mutation?
 TYPES OF MUTATIONS
MISSENSE
MUTATION
Is classified when one nitrogenous base of
the DNA is replaced and the result is altered
codon.
 TYPES OF POINT
MUTATIONS
NONSENSE
MUTATION
Nonsense mutation results in the
formation of a stop codon due to the
substitution of one nitrogenous base.
 TYPES OF MUTATIONS
SILENT MUTATION

When a nitrogenous based is altered but the

same amino acid is produced.
 TYPES OF MUTATIONS
MISSENSE
POINT MUTATION
MUTATION NONSENSE
MUTATION
SILENT MUTATION
WHAT CAUSES MUTATIONS?

Errors in DNA replication during cell division.

Exposure to mutagens.
 MUTAGENS

Chemicals. carcinogens

Cosmetics and cleaning Processed food

materials
 MUTAGENS
Agents that cause alteration in the DNA

Radiations.

UV light X-ray
 MUTAGENS

Infectious
Agents

Virus Bacteria
(e.g. bacteriophage) (e.g. helicobacter)
 What am I ?

Normal cell sickle cell

How does mutation work in cell?

transcription

translation
 REAL LIFE EXAMPLE
SICKLE CELL ANEMIA
The disease is caused by a mutation in the gene that helps make hemoglobin — a
protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells.

It is a point mutation where T (thymine) is replaced by a A (adenine) .

 Are mutations good or bad?

Some mutations do not cause any noticeable changes, while

others can lead to genetic disorders or diseases.

Mutations can even give an organism an advantage in its

environment, leading to new traits or abilities (species
evolution).