Lesson 4:

JOINT
VARIATION
LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Define joint variation

Solve and translate into variation statement a

relationship involving joint variation between
two quantities given by a mathematical
equation.
JOINT VARIATION
The statement, “x varies jointly as y and z” means a =
kbc, or k = a/bc, where k is the constant of variation.

Example:
Translate the statement into a mathematical equation.
Use k as the constant variation

1. P varies jointly as q and r.

Answer: P = kqr
2. The area A of a parallelogram varies jointly
as the base b and altitude h.

Answer: A = kbh

3. The volume of cylinder V varies jointly as

its height h and the square of the radius r.

Answer: V = kh
Let us now solve!

EXAMPLE:
Find the equation of variation and solve for the value of the constant
of variation of k, then find the missing value.

1. a varies jointly as b and c, and a = 36 when b = 3 and c = 4.

Solution: equation of variation:

a = kbc a = 3bc
36 = k(3)(4)
36 = 12k

k=3
2. x varies jointly as y and z. If x = 28 when y = 7
and z = 2, find x when y = 6 and z = 3.

Solution: equation variation:

x = kyz x = 2yz
28 = k(7)(2)
28 = 14k Solving for x:
x = 2(6)(3)
k=2 x = 36
3. y varies jointly as x and z. If y = 45 when x = 18
and z = 10, find y when x = 20 and z = 30.

Solution: equation variation:

y = kxz y = xz
45 = k(18)(10)
45 = 180k Solving for y:
y = (20)(30)
k= y = 150
4. b varies jointly as c and d. If b = 60 when c = 5 and d = 6,
find c when b = 36 and d = 6

Solution: equation variation:

b = kcd b = 2cd
60 = k(5)(6)
60 = 30k Solving for z:
36 = 2c(6)
k=2 36 = 12c

c=3
5. b varies jointly as c and d. If b = 32 when c = 4 and d = 2.
Find d when b = 12 and c = 3.

Solution: equation variation:

b = kcd b = 4cd
32 = k(4)(2)
32 = 8k Solving for d:
12 = 4(3)d
k=4 12 = 12d

d=1
Group Activity
A. Translate each statement into a
mathematical sentence. Use k as
the constant of variation.
1. A varies jointly as b and c

Answer:
A = kbc
2. The force F applied to an object
varies jointly as mass m and the
acceleration a.

Answer:
F = kma
3. The volume V of a parallelogram varies
jointly as the length l, width w, and its
height h.

Answer:
V = klwh
4. The volume of a cylinder V varies
jointly as height h and the square of
the radius r.

Answer:
V = kh
5. The heat H produced an electric lamp
varies jointly as the resistance r and the
square of the current i.

Answer:
H = kr
B. Solve for the value of the
constant of variation of k, then
find the missing value.
6. a varies jointly as b and c, and a =
48 when b = 2 and c = 6

Answer:
k=4
7. z varies jointly as x and y. If z =
120 when x = 8 and y = 5, find z
when x = 5 and y = 2.

Answer:
k=3,
z = 30
8. z varies jointly as x and y. If z = 90
when x = 6 and y = 5, find y when
z = 16 and x = 8.

Answer:
k=3
y=
9. b varies jointly as c and d. If b = 30
when c = 5 and d = 9, find b when
c = 9 and d = 4.

Answer:
k=
b = 24
10. b varies jointly as c and d. If b =
64 when c = 4 and d = 2, find c
when b = 49 and d = 7.

Answer:
k=8
c=
ASSIGNMENT
Who is this Filipino Inventor?

He is a Filipino mathematicians who developed board game called DAMTHS. The board game
applies the moves used in the Filipino board game DAMA to solve problems on the different concepts
in Mathematics. Who is he?

To find out, match the letter that corresponds to the answer to the numbered item on your left. The
letters will spell out the name of this Filipino mathematician. Show your solution.

“z varies jointly as x and y”

1. Translate into variations statement.

2. If z = 36 when x = 3 and y = 2,find k.
3. x is 4 when y = 3 and z = 2. What is z if x = 8 andy = 6.
“a varies jointly as b and c”

4. Translate into variation translate

5. If a = 15 when b = 5 and h = 6, find k.
6. If a = 65 when b = 10 and h = 13, find a when b = 8
and h = 11.
THANK
YOU!