MODELLING AND

SIMULATION
CS144-8P
 WEEK 2
• Concepts & Classification
 OBJECTIVE
• Identify different types of model
 REVIEW
• MODEL
• A physical, mathematical, or otherwise logical representation of a system, entity, phenomenon, or
process.

• SIMULATION
• A method for implementing a model over time.
 TYPES OF MODEL
• Physical or Scale model
• Symbolic or Abstract model
• Mental Model
• Chart or Pictorial model
• Graph or diagram
• Matrix or Table
• Mathematical model
• Simulation Model
• Static or Dynamic Models
• Deterministic or Stochastic Models
• Discrete or Continuous Models
 PHYSICAL OR SCALE MODEL
• is a smaller or larger physical copy of an
object.
 SYMBOLIC OR ABSTRACT MODEL
• An abstract or conceptual representation of a system that does not have a physical or
concrete existence.
 SYMBOLIC OR ABSTRACT MODEL:
MENTAL MODEL
• Explanation of someone's thought process
about how something works in the real
world.
• Supply and demand is a mental model that
helps you understand how the economy
works.
• Game theory is a mental model that helps
you understand how relationships and trust
work.
 SYMBOLIC OR ABSTRACT MODEL:
PICTORIAL MODEL
• Should include: A sketch of the situation,
showing each object.

SOURCE: http://hadron.physics.fsu.edu/~crede/TEACHING/PHY2048C/Calendar/W3_D2/
Pictorial_Models.htm
 SYMBOLIC OR ABSTRACT MODEL:
GRAPH OR DIAGRAM
• GRAPH expresses the conditional
dependence structure between random
variables
 SYMBOLIC OR ABSTRACT MODEL:
MATRIX OR TABLE
• RELATION IN TABLE
 SYMBOLIC OR ABSTRACT MODEL:
MATHEMATICAL MODEL
• process of encoding and decoding of
reality, in which a natural phenomenon is
reduced to a formal numerical expression
by a casual structure
 SIMULATION MODEL
• the process of creating and analyzing a
digital prototype of a physical model to
predict its performance in the real world.
 SIMULATION MODEL:
STATIC SIMULATION MODEL
• represents a system at particular point in
time

• Example. Monte Carlo Simulation

 SIMULATION MODEL:
DYNAMIC SIMULATION MODELS
• represents systems as they change over
time.

• Example: Process modelling

 SIMULATION MODEL:
DETERMINISTIC OR STOCHASTIC
• Deterministic
• simulation contains no random variable(s).
• e.g. patients arrive in a doctor's office at a
pre-scheduled time
 SIMULATION MODEL:
DETERMINISTIC OR STOCHASTIC
• Stochastic
• forecasts the probability of various
outcomes under different conditions, using
random variables.
 SIMULATION MODEL:
DISCRETE OR CONTINUOUS
• Continuous
• the state variable(s) change continuously
over time.
• E.g. the amount of water flow over a dam.
 SIMULATION MODEL:
DISCRETE OR CONTINUOUS
• Discrete
• is one in which the state variable(s) change
only at a discrete set of points in time.
• E.g. customers arrive at 3:15, 3:23, 4:01,
etc.
Q&A
 END
• Thank you for listening !!! 