DRUGS INDICATION DRUG ACTION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE EFFECT NURSING

RESPONSIBILITY
Brand Name: To reduce or Slowing the Hypersensitivity to Gastro-intestinal Before:
• TRANEXAMIC prevent breakdown of tranexamic acid or any of disorders: digestive • Monitor blood
ACID Igm IV excessive blood clots, the other ingredients. effects such as pressure, pulse,
bleeding which helps to History of venous or nausea, vomiting and respiratory
Generic Name: prevent arterial thrombosis. and diarrhea. status as
HEAMIC-T prolonged History of convulsions. Cardio-vascular indicated by
bleeding Intrathecal and disorders: Malaise severity of
Classification: intraventricular injection, with hypotension, bleeding.
• Antifibrinolytics intracerebral application with or without • Monitor for
(risk of cerebral oedema loss of overt bleeding
and convulsions). consciousness. every 15–30
Arterial or venous min.
thrombosis at any • Monitor
sites. neurologic
Nervous system status (pupils,
disorders: level of
dizziness; consciousness,
convulsions. motor activity)
in patients with
subarachnoid
hemorrhage.
DRUG INDICATION DRUG CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE NURSING RESPONSIBILITY
ACTION EFFECT
• Monitor platelet count and
clotting factors prior to and
periodically throughout therapy
in patients with systemic
fibrinolysis.

During:
• Stabilize IV catheter to minimize
thrombophlebitis. Monitor site
closely.

After:
• Instruct patient to notify the
nurse immediately if bleeding
recurs or if thromboembolic
symptoms develop.
• Caution patient to make position
changes slowly to avoid
orthostatic hypotension
 DRUG INDICATION DRUG ACTION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE EFFECT NURSING RESPONSIBILITY

Brand Name: Treatment of Binds to an Contraindicated with CNS: dizziness, • Assess patient routinely for
OMEPRAZOLE pathologic enzyme on hypersensitivity to drowsiness epigastric or abdominal pain
40 mg hypersecreto gastric parietal omeprazole or its fatigue, headache, and frank or occult blood in
ry conditions cells in the components; Use weakness the stool, emesis, or gastric
Generic Name: (Zollinger- presence of cautiously with CV: chest pain aspirate.
Losec, Prilosec Ellison’s acidic gastric pregnancy, lactation GI: abdominal • Monitor prothrombin time in
Syndrome, pH, preventing pain, acid patients taking warfarin
Classification: multiple the final regurgitation, • Administer doses before
Therapeutic: adenomas, transport of constipation, meals, preferably in the
• Antiulcer systematic hydrogen ions diarrhea, morning. Capsules should be
agents Masto cytosis into gastric flatulence, swallowed whole; do not crush
lumen. nausea, vomiting or chew.
Pharmacologic: Derm: itching, • Advise patient to avoid
• Proton- rash alcohol, products containing
pump Misc: allergic aspirin or NSAIDs, and food
inhibitors reaction that may cause an increase in
GI irritation
• Advise patient to report onset
of black tarry stools; diarrhea;
abdominal pain; or persistent
headache to health care
professional promptly
 DRUG INDICATION DRUG CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE EFFECT NURSING RESPONSIBILITY
ACTION
Brand Name: Prevention of It works by Caution in neonates, Pain, swelling, or Administration:
Vitamin K1 1 hemorrhage providing patients with soreness at the injection • IM administration in
amp caused by vitamin K hereditary site may occur. vastus lateralis
vitamin K that is hypoprothrombinemia, Temporary flushing, taste • Provide comfort
Generic Name: deficiency needed for renal impairment, changes, dizziness, rapid measures, pain
Phytonadione blood to clot cases of over heartbeat, sweating, management
normally in anticoagulation due to shortness of breath, or
Classification: the body. heparins, and bluish lips/skin/nails may Assessment:
• Fat-soluble hypersensitivity to also rarely occur. • Monitor for side
Vitamin vitamin K. effects: e.g., pain and
erythema at the
injection site, skin rash
or urticaria,
hypersensitivity
reactions,
hyperbilirubinemia
 DRUG INDICATION DRUG CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE EFFECT NURSING RESPNSIBILITY
ACTION

Brand Name: Complicated Binds to the Hypersensitivity to CNS: SEIZURES (HIGH • Monitor signs of allergic
CEFTRIAXONE and bacterial cell ceftriaxone, other DOSES). reactions and anaphylaxis,
Igm IV uncomplicate wall cephalosporins, or GI: including pulmonary
d urinary tract membrane, history of severe PSEUDOMEMBRANO symptoms (tightness in the
Generic Name: infections causing cell hypersensitivity US COLITIS, diarrhea, throat and chest,
Rocephin death. reaction to any other cholelithiasis, wheezing, cough dyspnea)
type of β-lactam sludging in the or skin reactions (rash,
Classification: antibiotic gallbladder. pruritus, urticaria). Notify
Therapeutic: Derma: rashes, physician or nursing staff
• anti- infectives urticaria. immediately if these
Hema: bleeding, reactions occur.
• Pharmacologic: eosinophilia, • Monitor injection site for
Third- hemolytic anemia, pain, swelling, and
generation leukopenia, irritation. Report
cephalosporins thrombocytosis. prolonged or excessive
Local: pain at IM site, injection site reactions to
phlebitis at IV site. the physician.
Misc.: ALLERGIC • Monitor signs of diarrhea,
REACTIONS, abdominal pain, fever, pus
INCLUDING or mucus in stools, and
ANAPHYLAXIS, other severe or prolonged
superinfection. GI problems (nausea,
vomiting, heartburn).
 DRUG INDICATION DRUG ACTION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE EFFECT NURSING
RESPONSIBILITY
Brand Name: Indicated with Disrupts DNA and Contraindicated with CNS: SEIZURES, • Monitor signs of
Flagyl acute infection protein synthesis hypersensitivity to dizziness, headache. peripheral
with in susceptible metronidazole; EENT: tearing (topical neuropathy
Generic Name: susceptible organisms. pregnancy (do not only). (numbness,
METRONIDAZOLE anaerobic Therapeutic use for GI: abdominal pain, tingling). Perform
500 mg IV bacteria; acute Effects: trichomoniasis in first anorexia, nausea, objective tests
intestinal Bactericidal, semester); Use diarrhea, dry mouth, (nerve conduction,
Classification: amebiasis; trichomonacidal, cautiously with CNS furry tongue, monofilaments) to
Therapeutic: amebic liver or amoebicidal disease, hepatic glossitis, unpleasant document any
• Anti-infectives, abscess; action. disease, candidiasis, taste, vomiting. neuropathic
antiprotozoals, preoperative, Spectrum: Most blood dyscrasias, Derma: rashes, changes.
antiulcer intraoperative, notable for lactation. urticaria: topical only • Be alert for
agents postoperative activity against — burning, mild confusion, agitation,
Pharmacologic: prophylaxis for anaerobic dryness, skin headache, or other
• Nitroimidazole patients bacteria, including irritation, transient alterations in
derivatives undergoing Bacteroides, redness. mental status.
colorectal Clostridium. In Hema: leukopenia. • Monitor IV injection
surgery addition, is active Local: phlebitis at IV site for pain,
against site. swelling, and
Trichomonas Neuro: peripheral irritation.
vaginalis, neuropathy. • Instruct patient to
Entamoeba Misc.: report signs of
histolytica, Giardia superinfection, leukopenia,
lamblia, H. pylori, disulfiram-type including fever, sore
C. difficile. reaction with throat, and signs of
alcohol. infection
 DRUG INDICATION DRUG ACTION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE EFFECT NURSING
RESPONSIBILITY
Brand Name: Used to Its mechanism Contraindicated with CNS: agitation, anxiety, • Assess the patient’s
Acetaminophen temporarily of action is not Hypersensitivity; headache, fatigue, pain level before
(Paracetamol) relieve mild- fully hepatic or renal insomnia administering the
300 mg IV to-moderate understood, but disease; pregnancy Resp: atelectasis, medication.
pain and it is thought to and lactation dyspnea • Assess overall health
Generic Name: fever. work by CV: hypertension, status and alcohol
Tylenol inhibiting the hypotension usage before
production of GI: hepatotoxicity, administering
Classification: prostaglandins, constipation, increased acetaminophen.
• Nonopioid- which are liver enzymes, nausea, • Assess the patient’s
Analgesics substances in vomiting allergies and previous
• Antipyretics the body that F & E: hypokalemia reactions to
contribute to GU: renal failure medications before
pain and Hemat: neutropenia, administering
inflammation. pancytopenia acetaminophen.
Additionally, it MS: muscle spasms, • Monitor patients with
also affects the trismus liver or kidney
activity of Derma: acute dysfunction for
certain generalized exanthema potential adverse
neurotransmitte Tous pustulosis, steven- effects and adjust the
rs in the brain Johnson syndrome, dosage accordingly.
that are toxic epidermal • Assess fever; note the
involved in the necrolysis presence of
perception of associated signs
pain. It does not (diaphoresis,
have any anti- tachycardia, and
inflammatory malaise).
 DRUG INDICATION DRUG ACTION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE EFFECT NURSING
RESPONSIBILITY
Brand Name: Indicated for Morphine, a Hypersensitivity. Drowsiness, mental • Monitor blood
MS-Contin the relief of phenanthrene Respiratory clouding, anxiety pressure prior to
moderate to derivative, is an depression, acute or reduction, euphoria, administration.
Generic Name: severe acute opioid analgesic severe bronchial disorientation Hold if systolic BP <
MORPHINE 10 mg and chronic that acts mainly on asthma, Orthostatic 100 mm Hg or 30
1 tab pain where use the CNS and gastrointestinal hypotension mm Hg below
of an opioid smooth muscle. It obstruction (including Respiratory baseline.
Classification: analgesic is binds to opioid paralytic ileus), depression • Monitor patient's
• Analgesics appropriate; receptors in the suspected surgical Constipation respiratory rate
(Opioid) Preoperative CNS causing a abdomen, acute Urinary retention prior to
medication to decrease in pain alcoholism, convulsive (sphincter administration.
sedate and impulse disorder, head injury, constriction) • Reassess pain after
allay transmission and elevated intracranial Cough suppression administration of
apprehension, altered pain or cerebrospinal Biliary colic morphine.
facilitate perception and pressure, brain tumor. (constriction of the • Monitor for
induction of response. Sphincter of Oddi) respiratory
anesthesia, and Nausea, emesis depression and
reduce Miosis (constricted hypotension
anesthetic pupils) frequently up to 24
dosage hours after
administration of
morphine.
 DRUG INDICATION DRUG ACTION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE EFFECT NURSING
RESPONSIBILITY
Brand Name: Indicated for the Dopamine Phaeochromocytoma, Significant: • Monitor blood
DOPAMINE 1 amp correction of stimulates hyperthyroidism, Arrythmia, pressure, pulse,
hemodynamic dopaminergic uncorrected extravasation. and peripheral
Generic Name: imbalances receptors at lower tachyarrhythmias or Blood and lymphatic: pulses every 15
DOPAMINE present in the doses producing ventricular Azotemia. minutes.
HYDROCHLORIDE shock syndrome renal and fibrillation. Card: Anginal pain, • Monitor hourly
due to mesenteric Concurrent use with atrial fibrillation, urine output.
Classification: myocardial vasodilation; at cyclopropane and bradycardia, Cardiac monitor
• Beta-adrenergic infarction, higher doses halogenated palpitation, ectopic should be used
& alpha- trauma, stimulates both hydrocarbon beats, tachycardia, on patients
adrenergic endotoxic dopaminergic and anesthetics. ventricular receiving
agonist septicemia, β1-adrenergic conduction, widened dopamine
• Catecholamine open-heart receptors QRS complex. infusion.
surgery, renal producing cardiac GI: Nausea, vomiting. • IV site should
failure, and stimulation and Nerve: Headache. not be used for
chronic cardiac renal vasodilation; Psych: Anxiety. any other
decompensation large doses Resp: Dyspnea. infusions or IV
as in congestive stimulate α- Skin: Piloerection. therapies.
failure. adrenergic Vascular: • Calculate
receptors. Hypertension, infusion drips
hypotension. and doses
carefully.
Double-check
calculations with
another nurse
or pharmacist.
 DRUG INDICATION DRUG ACTION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE NURSING RESPONSIBILITY
EFFECT
Brand Name: Used for the Clonazepam is Acute narrow-angle Contraindicated Assessment
Rivotril 2 mg 1-tab
acute a glaucoma, acute with History: Hypersensitivity to
1/4 treatment of benzodiazepine pulmonary hypersensitivity benzodiazepines; psychoses;
panic derivative that insufficiency, severe to clonidine or acute narrow-angle glaucoma;
Generic Name: disorder, exhibits respiratory any adhesive shock; coma; acute alcoholic
Clonazepam epilepsy, and anticonvulsive, insufficiency, sleep layer intoxication; pregnancy;
nonconvulsive sedative, apnea syndrome, components of lactation; impaired liver or
Classification: status muscle relaxing myasthenia gravis. the transdermal kidney function, debilitation.
• Antiepileptic epilepticus. and anxiolytic Patient in a coma, or system; Use Physical: Skin color, lesions; T;
• Benzodiazepine The drug also properties. Its with known alcohol cautiously with orientation, reflexes, affect,
has many off- exact or drug abuse. Severe severe coronary ophthalmologic examination; P,
label mechanism of (epilepsy/status insufficiency, BP; R, adventitious sounds;
indications, action is epilepticus) or recent MI, liver evaluation, abdominal
including unknown; significant (panic cerebrovascular examination, bowel sounds,
restless leg however, it is disorder) hepatic disease; chronic normal output; CBC, liver and
syndrome, believed to be impairment. renal failure; renal function tests.
acute mania, related to its pregnancy, Interventions
insomnia, and ability to lactation • Monitor addiction-prone
tardive increase the patients carefully because of
dyskinesia. activity of their predisposition to
GABA. It habituation and drug
reduces the dependence.
nerve • Monitor liver function and
transmission in blood counts periodically in
the motor patients on long-term
cortex, thereby therapy.
suppressing the WARNING: Taper dosage