Linear Circuit Analysis

(LCA)
Lecture 01
 BOOKS
• C Alexander and M Sadiku, "Fundamentals of
Electric Circuits", McGraw- Hill,5th Edition, ISBN
978–0–07–352955–5, MHID 0–07–352955–9

• Microelectronics Circuits, Sedra Smith, Publisher:

Oxford University Press. 5th Edition 2004

• Electronic Devices, Ninth Edition. 2015 Thomas L.

Floyd, Publisher: Pearson Education, 9th Edition.
 TOPICS Week 01 (A)

•Introduction

•Electric Quantities and Units

 Introduction
• The course introduces concepts of charge, current and voltage to be
followed with the description of current and voltage sources.
• An introduction to networks and circuits is accompanied by detailed
discussion of Ohm’s law and the Kirchhoff’s laws.
• This is followed by circuit analysis techniques using Nodal and Mesh
Analysis with particular reference to super-node and super-mesh.
• In this Course we will study;
• Super Node, Mesh Analysis, Charge, Kirchhoff’s Laws, Thevenin,
Norton, Maximum Power Transfer Theorem .
 Electric Quantities and Units
• The standard units of electrical measurement used for the
expression of voltage, current and resistance are
the Volt [ V ], Ampere [ A ] and Ohm [ Ω ] respectively.

• These electrical units of measurement are based on the

International (metric) System, also known as the SI System
with other commonly used electrical units being derived
from SI base units.
 Electric Quantities and Units
Electrical Measuring
Symbol Description
Parameter Unit
Unit of Electrical Potential
Voltage Volt V or E
V=I×R
Unit of Electrical Current
Current Ampere I or i
I=V÷R
Unit of DC Resistance
Resistance Ohm R or Ω
R=V÷I
Reciprocal of Resistance
Conductance Siemen G or ℧
G=1÷R
Unit of Capacitance
Capacitance Farad C
C=Q÷V
 Electric Quantities and Units
Prefix Symbol Multiplier Power of Ten

Terra T 1,000,000,000,000 1012

Giga G 1,000,000,000 109

Mega M 1,000,000 106

kilo k 1,000 103

none none 1 100

centi c 1/100 10-2

milli m 1/1,000 10-3

micro µ 1/1,000,000 10-6

nano n 1/1,000,000,000 10-9

pico p 1/1,000,000,000,000 10-12

 Electric Quantities and Units
• 1kV = 1 kilo-volt – which is equal to 1,000 Volts.
• 1mA = 1 milli-amp – which is equal to one thousandths (1/1000) of an
Ampere.
• 47kΩ = 47 kilo-ohms – which is equal to 47 thousand Ohms.
• 100uF = 100 micro-farads – which is equal to 100 millionths
(100/1,000,000) of a Farad.
• 1kW = 1 kilo-watt – which is equal to 1,000 Watts.
• 1MHz = 1 mega-hertz – which is equal to one million Hertz.
 Electric Quantities and Units
• To convert from one prefix to another it is necessary to either multiply
or divide by the difference between the two values. For example,
convert 1MHz into kHz.
• Well we know from above that 1MHz is equal to one million
(1,000,000) hertz and that 1kHz is equal to one thousand (1,000) hertz,
so one 1MHz is one thousand times bigger than 1kHz. Then to convert
Mega-hertz into Kilo-hertz we need to multiply mega-hertz by one
thousand, as 1MHz is equal to 1000 kHz.
• Likewise, if we needed to convert kilo-hertz into mega-hertz we would
need to divide by one thousand. A much simpler and quicker method
would be to move the decimal point either left or right depending upon
whether you need to multiply or divide.