Government Vidarbha Institute of Science and Humanities

(Autonomous) Amravati
NAAC Re-accredited with ‘A’ grade
Seminar on
Ring and Field Theory with its Applications

Organized by
Department of Mathematics
Savitribai Phule Pune University

Presented by

Rutuja Pradip Thakare

 Content: -
• Definition: (a) Group
(b) Abelian group
(c) Ring
(d) Subring
• Field

• Subfield

• Some examples of sub field

• Applications

• Reference
 Group: -

Definition: -
Let G be non-empty set, together with algebraic structure ‘*’ is said to
be ‘Group’ if it satisfied a following axioms:

 Closure property
a, b G a*b G
 Associative property
a, b, c G a*(b*c) = (a*b)*c G
 Existence of identity
a G a*e = e*a = a and e G
 Existence of inverse
a, b G a*b = b*a = e and e G
Such that b is inverse of a
Example : , etc.
 Abelian group: -
Definition: -
Let G be non-empty set, together with algebraic structure ‘*’ is said to
be ‘Abelian Group’ if it satisfied a following axioms:

 Closure property
a, b G a*b G
 Associative property
a, b, c G a*(b*c) = (a*b)*c G
 Existence of identity
a G a*e = e*a = a and e G
 Existence of inverse
a, b G a*b = b*a = e and e G
Such that b is inverse of a
 Commutative property
a, b G a*b = b*a
Example : , all proper subgroups of Q 8 are abelian group (One of the
subgroups of Q8 is { 1, - 1, i, -i}) etc.
 Rings: -
Definition: -
Let R be non-empty set, together with two binary operations ‘+’ and ‘·’
is said to be ‘ring’ if it satisfied a following axioms:

 ( +) is an abelian group

 ( ·) is a semi group

 Multiplication is distributive over addition

LDL:
RDL:
Example: -
( and (P() ∆ ∩) etc are some examples of ring.
 Fields: -
Definition: -

Let F be non-empty set, together with two binary

operation ‘+’ and ‘’ is said to be ‘field’ if following axioms are
satisfied:
 is an abelian group.

 is an abelian group.

 Multiplication is distributive over addition:

LDL:
RDL:
Example: -
1. Set of real numbers, rational numbers, etc are
field but set of integers is not a field.
2. is field, where ‘p’ is prime numbers.
 Some examples of field: -
Example: - Verify following is field or not?

Solution: -
(1) Check ( is an abelian group.

(a) Closure property: -

(b) Associative property: -

(c) Existence of identity property: -

is an additive identity

(d) Existence of inverse property: -

such that

is inverse element of

(e) Commutative property: -

From above five condition we say that is an abelian group.

 (2) Check is an abelian group.

(a) Closure property: -

(b) Associative property: -

(c) Existence of identity property: -

is an identity element
(d) Existence of inverse property: -
is an inverse element of

(e) Commutative property: -

From above five condition we say that is an abelian group.

(3) Multiplication is distributive over addition: -

Let , , and
Then,

Hence, from all above cases we say is field.

Example: - Verify the following is field or not?

Solution: -

(a) ,+) is an abelian group.

(b) -{0},) is also a abelian group.

(c) Multiplication is distributive over addition

From above we say that is a field.

 Subfield: -
Definition: -

A non-empty subset ‘S’ of field ‘F’ is said to ‘subfield’ if ‘S’

forms field under the operations in ‘F’

OR

Let ‘S’ be non-empty subset of field ‘F’ is said to be ‘subfield’ iff

Example: -
 is subfield of .
 {0,1} is subfield of
 Applications: -
Finite fields are increasingly important in several areas of
mathematics are :
• Linear and abstract algebra
• Number theory
• Algebraic geometry
• Computer science
• Statistics
• Information theory
• Engineering, coding theory.
  Reference: -

Book 1: - A course in Abstract Algebra

- by Vijay K.
Khanna and S. K. Bhambri
Book 2: -
Complementary Abstract Algebra
- by Joseph A.
Gallian
Website: - https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/introduction-to-finite-fields-
and-their-applications/84CD611976678E270A2146652E1773D6
Thank
You!