Department of Chemical Engineering

VISHWAKARMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, PUNE

666, Upper Indira Nagar, Bibwewadi, Pune 411037

A Presentation on

CHEMICAL PROCESS TECHNOLOGY

Presented by ,

Prof. Amruta Mokashi

Lecture 34 & 35 : 16th & 20th Dec 2021

 Pulp and Paper Industries
• Pulp: It is a commercial cellulose derived from bamboo, bagasse, wood etc.,
by mechanical and chemical methods.

• Methods of Production:
1. Groundwood
2. Chemical
3. Semichemical

• Production Pattern
 Sulfate (Kraft) Pulp Process
Chemical Reactions:

Quantitative requirements :
a) Basis : 1 ton of pulp (BDS basis)
Bamboo or Wood 2.2-2.5 tons
Lime make-up 18 kg
Salt cake (Na2SO4) make-up 50 kg
Sulfur 8 kg
b) Plant Capacities : 100-700 tons/day
Major Engineering Problems
1. Choice of Processes
2. Use of Soda Process
3. Pollution and Waste disposal
4. By-product Utilization
 Paper Products
• Paper: It is defined as matted or felted sheets of fibers, usually cellulosic and generally formed on a fine wire screen
from a water suspension.
• Types of Paper Products:
1. Wrapping paper
2. Tissue paper
3. Book paper
4. Writing paper
5. Groundwood printing paper
6. Paperboard
• Raw Materials
1. Fibrous Raw Materials
a. Paper pulp
b. Reuse pulp
c. Miscellaneous cellulose pulp
d. Specialty pulp

2. Non-fibrous Raw materials

e. Inorganic raw materials
f. Organic raw materials
 Methods of Production

1. Preparation of fiber suspension

2. Formation of paper
1. Recent Improvements in Paper Making
a) Increase in Wet-strength of Paper Products
b) Modifications in Paper Machines to Improve Properties of Paper

2. Economics of the paper Industry

c) Shortage of Fibrous raw Materials
d) High Prices and shortage of chemicals
e) Procurement of Plant and Equipment