DRRR

MODULE 10
At the end of this module, the following are the goals that
are expected for you to be achieved:
1.define hazards;
2.recognize the different types of hazards, cite examples
each; and
3.appreciate the importance of knowing the hazards in our
daily lives.
Directions: Identify the following statements if it’s TRUE or
FALSE based on the underlined word/phrase.

1. A geologic hazard is an extreme natural events in the crust

of the earth that pose a threat to life and property
True False : _______________________
2.Drought is an example of a Hydrologic
hazard.
True False :
_______________________
3.Biologic hazard include things such as oxygen
deficiencies, dusts, chemical vapors, welding
fumes, fogs, and mists that can interfere with the
bodies ability to transport and utilize oxygen,
True False : _______________________
4.Anthropogenic hazard is a type of hazard that
is being caused by a man’s action or inaction.
True False :
_______________________
5.Industrial explosions is an example of
Anthropogenic hazard.
True False : _______________________
 The various hazards we are exposed to at home or
school are so common that we tend to overlook these for
varied reasons. How many times for instance, have you
been tripped by an electric cord running across the aisle?
How many have you slipped because of a spill on the
floor? Have you ever bothered to check if your electrical
wirings are up to standards and properly laid out?
 The meaning of the word hazard can be confusing.
Often dictionaries do not give specific definitions or
combine them with the term "risk". For example, one
dictionary defines a hazard as "a danger or risk" which
helps explain why many people use the terms
interchangeably.
 The tendency is to simply delay making changes to
remove the hazards. Often, the real reason is people fail to
recognize the hazard and the possible consequences these
may bring. We are also faced with varied threats from
natural phenomena. It is never acceptable to take natural
hazards for granted. It is too costly for people and
communities not to be familiar with these threats.
Learning to deal with bigger hazards starts with the
smaller ones in our immediate surroundings.
 The first table below shows the lists of various
hazards under each major type of hazard. There are
many different ways of classifying hazards.
Generally, there are 2 main types of hazards;
(1) Natural Hazards and (2) Anthropogenic
Hazards.
 Natural hazards such as volcanic eruptions and earthquakes
result from Earth’s natural processes. Secondary hazards are the
consequences of other hazards. Landslides, liquefaction (a process
by which water-saturated sediment temporarily loses strength
and acts as a fluid, like when you wiggle your toes in the wet sand
near the water at the beach), and tsunamis, for example, are
secondary to an earthquake which happens to be the primary
hazard. Other examples of hazards secondary to earthquakes are
building collapse, dam failure, fire, and power interruption.
On the products of human activities, human
intervention can alter the pace and magnitude of natural
hazard occurrence. This results in a hazard that is
midway between natural and man-made hazards. These
are called quasi-natural hazards which results from the
interaction of natural processes and human activities.
Examples of quasi-natural hazards are smog and
desertification
 Another example is the removal of support at the toe
of a landslide-prone slope (to make for a highway or a
housing project), triggering a slope failure. Destruction of
mangroves and coral reefs weakens the shore’s defenses
against tsunamis and storm surges that are a clear
example of man’s intervention. Humans must see
themselves having very important roles in eliminating or
reducing the effects of natural phenomena rather than as
agents of converting natural events into disasters.
 Furthermore, general types of hazards can be classified
according to the following sub-types:

Geologic Hazards. A geologic hazard is extreme

natural events in the crust of the earth that pose a threat
to life and property, for example, earthquakes, volcanic
eruptions, tsunamis (tidal waves), and landslides.
 Hydrologic Hazards. Defined as extreme events
associated with water occurrence, movement, and
distribution, hydrological hazards include droughts and
flooding and related events (e.g., landslides and river
scour and deposition).
 Hydrological hazards and their impacts are associated
with climate variability, demographic trends, land-cover
change, and other causative factors and could be
exasperated by global climate change. The increase in
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will continue
leading to global warming and an intensification of the
hydrological cycle, making hydrological extreme studies
more complex and challenging.
 Atmospheric Hazards. Atmospheric hazards
include things such as oxygen deficiencies, dust,
chemical vapors, welding fumes, fogs, and mists that
can interfere with the body's ability to transport and
utilize oxygen, or that have negative toxicological
effects on the human body.
Biologic Hazards. Biological hazards, also known
as biohazards, refer to biological substances that
pose a threat to the health of living organisms,
primarily that of humans. This can include medical
waste or samples of a microorganism, viruses, or
toxins (from a biological source) that can affect
human health.
The table below shows different types of primary
hazards and their corresponding secondary
hazards and some common examples
 Geologic Hydrologic Atmospheric Biologic Man-made
• • Floods – • Typhoons and • A new • Transport
- Earthquake river and hurricanes strain of accidents
- vibration coastal organisms
ground causing
• Thunderstorms disease • Industrial
- rupture
liquefaction • Drought (a (such as explosions
-• Excessive
tsunami period of • Covid-19) and fires
time when rainfall
- an area or
Volcanic • Antibiotic • Accidental
- region Tornadoes
eruption • resistance release of
lava flow experiences in bacteria toxic
- belownormal Hail chemicals,
volcanic • and
- gas lahar precipitation, organisms radiological
e.g. rainfall) Extreme material,
pyroclastic •
temperatures biologic
flow
material,
• HIV/AIDS
oil, etc.

• Sinkhole

• formation • Influenza • Nuclear

accidents
Landslides • Hepatitis
A, B, & C • Collapse of
public
buildings
ACTIVITY#2: ESSAY WRITING
Directions: Read the selection given below and answer
the following question.
Situation:
Last February 3, 2021, an ice plant in Navotas out of
nowhere exploded and releases a gas called ammonia that
when inhaled by humans and animals may bring some
adverse effects to the health.
“…Two people are dead while scores were hospitalized after
ammonia leaked yesterday from an ice plant owned by the
mother of Navotas Mayor Toby Tiangco.
An ammonia tank inside the plant exploded in the afternoon, and
authorities had a hard time controlling the spread of the odor
because of the winds buffeting the area. The situation was
declared under control at about 10 pm...”

Source: Coconuts Manila; “Ammonia leak from ice plant owned by

Navotas Mayor’s family kills 2”, February 04, 2021

Answer the given question in 3 to 5 sentences.

1. What type of hazard does the “alleged” accident happen in
Navotas City?
Explain the possible threats that it poses in the community.
ACTIVITY #3: TYPES OF HAZARDS
Directions: Fill in and complete the table below.

Specific instructions: Observe your surroundings, identify the primary

hazards that you may be exposed to, and list at least 3 examples of
secondary hazards that you may experience once a disaster happens.

Geologic Hydrologic Atmospheric Biologic Man-made

DIRECTIONS: Read and analyze the following situations
and then answer the given questions in 3 – 5 sentences.
Do not confine your answer with just a word or couple of
words but instead, expound your answers by giving
examples.
SITUATION #1:
Consider you are living in an area where houses are
made out of light materials and are very close to one
another;
1. How are you going to minimize the possible
adverse effects of a disaster by knowing the possible
hazards that you may be exposed to?
Performance task #1 HAZARD HUNT
Performance task #2 INFOGRAPHICS

TSUNAMI
TYPHOON
EARTHQUAKE