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Naming Compounds Update
Naming Compounds Update
Kent L. McCorkle
Cosumnes River College
Sacramento, CA
Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Naming Compounds
1. Binary Compounds
A. Ionic Compounds
B. Covalent Compounds
2. Polyatomic Compounds
A. Ionic Compounds
B. Covalent Compounds
5.4 Naming Ions and Ionic Compounds
Some metals can form cations of more than one possible charge.
Examples:
NaCN sodium cyanide
FeCl2 iron(II) chloride
FeCl3 iron(III) chloride
5.7 Covalent Bonding in Ionic Species
Calcium phosphate:
Ca2+ PO43–
Ca3(PO4)2
Strategy Begin by identifying the cation and anion in each compound, and then
combine the names for each, eliminating the word ion.
Think About It Be careful not to confuse the subscript in the formula with the
charge in the metal ion. In part (a), for example, the subscript on Fe is 2, but this
is an iron(III) compound.
Covalent Bonding in Ionic Species
Starting with the oxoanions that end in –ate, we can name these
ions as follows:
1)The ion with one more O atom than the –ate ion is called the
per…ate ion. Thus, ClO3- is the chlorate ion, so ClO4- is the
perchlorate ion.
2)The ion with one less O atom than the –ate ion is called the –ite
ion. Thus, ClO2- is the chlorite ion.
3)The ion with two fewer O atom than the –ate ion is called the
hypo…ite ion. Thus, ClO- is the hypochlorite ion.
perchlorate ClO4-
chlorate ClO3-
chlorite ClO2-
hypochlorite ClO-
nitrate NO3-
nitrite NO2-
phosphate PO43-
phosphite PO33-
sulfate SO42-
sulfite SO32-
Worked Example 5.10
Name the following species: (a) BrO4-, (b) HCO3-, and (c) H2CO3.
Strategy Each species is either an oxoanion or an oxoacid. Identify the
“reference oxidation” (the one with the –ate ending) for each, and apply the rules
to determine appropriate names.
greatly facilitated
is the perbromate ion. by memorizing the common ions that end in –ate.
chlorate ClO3- nitrate
(b) CO32- is the carbonateNO ion.
3 Because HCO 3 has one ionizable hydrogen atom,
- -
iodate carbonate
it is called the hydrogen IOion.
3
-
carbonate CO32-
(c) With two ionizable
bromatehydrogen atoms
BrO3- and no charge on theoxalate compound, H 2CO3
is carbonic acid. C2O42-
Think About It Make sure that SO
sulfate the charges
2- sum to zero in chromate
each compound
4
formula. In part (a), for example,
CrO4 2- Hg 2+
+ 2Cl -
= (+2) + 2(-1) = 0; in part (b),
(+2) + 2(-1) = 0; and in part (c), 3(+1)3- + (-3) = 0.
phosphate PO4 permanganate
MnO4-
Worked Example 5.11
Determine the formula of sulfurous acid.
Strategy The –ous ending in the name of an acid indicates that the acid is
derived from an oxoanion ending in –ite. The oxoanion must be sulfite, SO32-, so
add enough hydrogen ions to make a neutral formula.
While, the molecular formulas tell us the actual number of atoms (the
true formula), the empirical formula gives the simplest formula.
Nomenclature:
1) Name the first element that appears in the formula.
Examples:
HCl hydrogen chloride
HI hydrogen iodide
Naming Molecular Compounds
Think About It Make sure that the prefixes match the subscripts in the
molecular formulas and that the word oxide is not preceded immediately by an
“a” or an “o”.
Compounds Containing Hydrogen
molecular empirical
H2O H2O
C6H12O6 CH2O
O3 O
N2H4 NH2
ionic compounds consist of a combination of cations
and an anions
• the formula is always the same as the empirical formula
• the sum of the charges on the cation(s) and anion(s) in each
formula unit must equal zero
The ionic compound NaCl
Formula of Ionic Compounds
2 x +3 = +6 3 x -2 = -6
Al2O3
Al3+ O2-
1 x +2 = +2 2 x -1 = -2
CaBr2
Ca2+ Br-
1 x +2 = +2 1 x -2 = -2
Na2CO3
Na+ CO32-
M
Ion Name (common name) Ion Name (Common name)
NH4+ Ammonium CO32- Carbonate
H3O+ Hydronium HCO3- Hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate)
U
OH- Hydroxide SO32- Sulfite
CN- Cyanide HSO3- Hydrogen sulfite S
NO2- Nitrite SO42- Sulfate
NO3- Nitrate
Hypochlorite (often written
HSO4- Hydrogen sulfate
T
ClO -
SCN -
Thiocyanate
OCl-)
ClO2- Chlorite S2O32- Thiosulfate
ClO3- Chlorate CrO42- Chromate
K
ClO4- Perchlorate Cr2O72- Dichromate
MnO4- Permanganate PO43- Phosphate N
CH3CO2- Acetate (can be written HPO42- Hydrogen phosphate
C2H3O2-)
W
Chemical Nomenclature
• Ionic Compounds
– often a metal + nonmetal
– anion (nonmetal), add “ide” to element name
HI hydrogen iodide