Properties

of
Liquids and Solids

General Chemistry 2
“Does high
temperature affect
the survival of the
coronavirus?”
 Temperature Coronavirus

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 Properties
of
Liquids and Solids

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What do you think is
the obvious property
of liquids both in
microscopic and
macroscopic point of
view?

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• Liquids are fluids that can
flow and assumes the
shape of the container
• Liquid molecules are so
close together with very
little space that allows
them to move past to one
another freely

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• Liquids are much
denser than gases
under normal
conditions

• Liquids also have

definite volume.

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 Properties of
Solid

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• What do you think is
the obvious property
of solids both in
microscopic and
macroscopic point of
view?

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• Solids are rigid and are
resistant to change
• The arrangement of
the particles is tightly
arranged and
organized, this is why
they are highly dense
and incompressible

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• Solids have a
definite shape,
volume, and melting
point
• Low rate of diffusion
meaning they don’t
get mixed easily with
other substances
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 Types of Solids

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 • Particles that are
arranged in a crystal
lattice
• There is a repeating
unit of crystalline
solids and will
change sharply once
heated
Crystalline solids
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 • Solid that lack the well-
defined arrangement of
basic units found in
crystals that soften
gradually when heated
Amorphous solids

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 Effect of Intermolecular
forces to some Physical
Properties

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What makes the
basilisk lizard
walk on water?
The force of the surface tension of the
water balances the basilisk lizard`s
weight helping it to walk on water.
1. What is
SURFACE TENSION?
It is the amount of energy required to
stretch the surface of the liquid by a
unit area.
▪ A liquid molecule with high
intermolecular forces will have a
high surface tension.
▪ If the hydrogen bonds are disrupted,
the surface tension will decrease.
▪ As the temperature of liquids
increases, surface tension
decreases.
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What do you call to the
attraction between liquid and
solid materials?
“capillary action” or
“capillarity”
Capillary action is a
phenomenon wherein a liquid
is able to rise up on a
narrow tube.
Adhesive forces between the
tube and the liquid allow the
liquid to exceed its weight.
The narrower the tube, the
higher the liquid will reach.
 Types of Capillary
Action

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COHESION
• the intermolecular
attraction between the
same molecules
ADHESION
• the intermolecular
attraction between unlike
molecules
 VISCOSITY

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VISCOSITY
• a measure of a fluid's
resistance to flow
In general, stronger
intermolecular forces
leads to higher
viscosity.
Which of these compounds
has the highest intermolecular
forces?
▪ It is the Glycerol because of the more build-up
hydrogen bond
▪ The higher the IMF the more viscous it is
In terms of temperature,
if a liquid has a high
temperature it leads to
low viscosity.
 Vapor Pressure

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Which figure below do you think will
have more molecules to turn into
gaseous state at STP condition?
Acetone because its molecules easily
escape from liquid to gases and if this
happens this would mean that the
interaction between molecules of
acetone is weak.
Since it is a closed jar, the amount of
escaped gas molecules will now
create a particular amount of pressure

The pressure that is created by these

bouncing molecules of acetone is
called ”vapor pressure”
Therefore, a molecule that has
strong intermolecular forces
would give low vapor pressure.
The vapor pressure of a liquid
lowers the amount of pressure
exerted on the liquid by the
atmosphere. As a result, liquids
with high vapor pressures
have lower boiling points.
 Molar Heat of
Vaporization
( Hvap)
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BOILING POINT
• the temperature at which the liquid
converts into gas
• it is the temperature where the
vapor pressure of a liquid equals
the external pressure (at
equilibrium point)
For the water molecule to vaporize
1 mole of a liquid at 100 degrees
Celsius, this requires an energy
which is called molar heat of
vaporization
As the boiling point increases, the
amount of energy required to
vaporize also increases. Meaning the
stronger the IMF of the liquids the
higher the amount of energy
required to vaporize a liquid.
Please do the activity in ½ sheet of
paper crosswise. Write only the answer
for the activities.
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Activity: KNOW ME!
Directions: Determine which of the following
terms refer to each statement.
a. Boiling point b. Heat of vaporization
c. Surface tension d. Viscosity
1. It is responsible for the spherical
drops of water and is the reason why
some insects can walk on the surface
of water.
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Activity: KNOW ME!
Directions: Determine which of the following
terms refer to each statement.
a. Boiling point b. Heat of vaporization
c. Surface tension d. Viscosity
2. It is the measure of a liquid’s
resistance to flow

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Activity: KNOW ME!
Directions: Determine which of the following
terms refer to each statement.
a. Boiling point b. Heat of vaporization
c. Surface tension d. Viscosity
3. The temperature at which the
liquid converts into gas

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Activity: KNOW ME!
Directions: Determine which of the following
terms refer to each statement.
a. Boiling point b. Heat of vaporization
c. Surface tension d. Viscosity
4. The heat needed to vaporize a
certain amount of liquid

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Activity: KNOW ME!
Directions: Read the situation carefully and
answer the following question.
A certain substance A has a boiling point
of 78 degrees Celsius and substance B has
a boiling point of 110 degrees Celsius.
Answer the following questions.
1. Which substance has a higher vapour
pressure?
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Activity: KNOW ME!
Directions: Read the situation carefully and
answer the following question.
A certain substance A has a boiling point
of 78 degrees Celsius and substance B has
a boiling point of 110 degrees Celsius.
Answer the following questions.
2. Which substance has a higher heat of
vaporization?
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Activity: KNOW ME!
Directions: Read the situation carefully and
answer the following question.
A certain substance A has a boiling point
of 78 degrees Celsius and substance B has
a boiling point of 110 degrees Celsius.
Answer the following questions.
3. Which one will have a higher viscosity?

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 Activity 7

Direction: Evaluate the effect of intermolecular forces of

molecules to the following physical properties. Complete the
table by writing the word High or Low.