Posture:

THE KEY TO
GOOD HEALTH
V

"POSTURE SYNDROME"

SUPERVISED AND MENTORED BY Graduation project by

DR SALAH GHAZI BAKR ALREFAI
 Posture

Which is the relative disposition of the body

at any one moment, is a composite of the
positions of the different joints of the body at
that time.
The position of each joint has an effect on the
position of the other joints
‫ وهو مركب من أوضاع‬،‫وهو التغير النسبي للجسم في أي لحظة‬
‫مفاصل الجسم المختلفة في ذلك الوقت‬
. ‫موضع كل مفصل له تأثير على موضع المفاصل األخرى‬
Generally, there are two types of posture

• Static posture the body and its segments are aligned and maintained in certain
positions.
include standing, sitting, lying, and kneeling.

• Dynamic posture the body or its segments are moving walking, running, jumping,
throwing, and lifting.
ORGANIZATION

▪ 24 moveable vertebrae
• Cervical – 7
• Thoracic -12
• Lumber 5
▪ 8-12 fused vertebrae
• Sacral -5
• Coccyx 3-5
 Vertebral column

Functions

• protect the spinal cord ‫حماية النخاع الشوكي‬

• Provide mobility to the trunk‫توفر إمكانية التنقل في الجذع‬
• provide stability‫توفير االستقرار‬
• Absorb and transmit forces ‫امتصاص ونقل القوات‬
• Provide tendon and ligament attachment sites
‫توفير مواقع ربط األوتار واألربطة‬
Vertebral column
Arthrokinematics

FLEXION
Facet joints move apart
extension
Facet joints come together

Sild bend
Right side bend
facet joints on left open opposite
for left sideband

rotation
Same side bend
 CERVICAL

AXIS It consists of the second vertebrae also from

articulators of the first order articulators of the first order It
articulates with the third vertebra, in addition to the profane
joint surface that articulates with the inner surface of the
first vertebrae

ATLAS he skull sitting on the upper articular surface of the

first vertebra, and most of the rotation of the head is
produced from the upper articular surfaceIt also
contributes to the rotational movement of the head, the
articular surface of the dens, which articulates with the
second vertebrae, then the rotational movement continues
its production through the second and then the third
vertebrae until the seventh cervical vertebrae.
lumbar spine osteokinematics

FLEXION-EXTENSION LATERAL FLEXION ROTATION

 Splenius capitis

Superficial layer
Splenius cervicis

THE MAIN FUNCTION OF Superficial layer IS

• Extension of the neck
• lateral flexion of the neck and rotation of the head to the same side
 Longissimus

Intermediate layer
Cervicis
Iliocostalis
CAPITTIS

Spinalis
THORACIS Cervicis
thoracis
lumborum

Cervicis
CAPITTIS
THORACIS
THE MAIN FUNCTION OF INTERMEDIATE LAYER IS
Produce ipsilateral lateral flexion of the spine
• extend the spine during bilateral contraction
• lateral flexion of the same side
• Unilateral contraction of the muscle results in ipsilateral lateral flexion of the spine.
 semispinalis

DEEP LAYER
Cervicis
multifidus
CAPITIS

rotatores
THORACIS Cervicis
thoracis
lumborum

longi
MAIN FUNCTION OF deep layer IS breves
• extending THE NECK AND THORACIC
• CAUSES IPSILATERAL FLEXION OF THE NECK AND THORACIC SPINE WITH
CONTRALATERAL ROTATION OF THE HEAD
 INTERSPINALes
DEEPEST LAYER
Cervicis INERTRANSVSARII
CAPITIS

LEVAtores costarun
THORACIS colli
lumborum

THE MAIN FUNCTION OF deepest layer IS

• Levatores costarum elevate the ribs and facilitate inspiration during breathing.
• assist in lateral flexion and stabilization of the cervical spine
• CAUSES IPSILATERAL FLEXION OF THE NECK AND THORACIC SPINE WITH CONTRALATERAL ROTATION OF THE HEAD
 Ligaments

The vertebrae are connected to each other by

strong fibrous ligaments attached to the spine.
These ligaments work with the muscles
surrounding the spine. The spine as a means of
supporting it, keeping it straight, allowing it to move
in multiple directions, and preventing injury from
excessive movements. for the spine
 Ligaments

The ligaments of the spine provide the

central nervous system with information on
position and movement, unlike muscles, the
ligaments are passive structures and get
tense when they increase in length, and in
the elastic ligaments, their deformation and
failure to perform their task depends on the
load ratio, and the intervertebral discs can
be counted as part of the ligamentous
structures
scapula
T2
SUPERIOR ANGLE
AT SPINAL LEVEL T2

7.5
cm

T7 INFERIOR ANGLE
AT SPINAL LEVEL T7

‫ يربط لوح الكتف بين‬.‫عظم مسطح شبه مثلث يقع في الجانب الخلفي الجانبي للقفص الصدري‬
‫ ويقوم بحركات‬.‫ باإلضافة إلى تحمل المفصل العضدي‬،‫عظم العضد (في الذراع) والترقوة‬
‫مستقلة على جدار القفص الصدري‬

A flat, semi-triangular bone located in the posterior-lateral aspect of the

rib cage. It connects the scapula between the humerus bone (in the arm)
and the clavicle, in addition to bearing the humeral joint .And makes
independent movements on the wall of the rib cage
 Movement directions of scapula

Anterior External Internal Elevation

tilting rotation rotation

upward Posterior
rotation tilting Retraction Protraction

Downward
Depression
rotation
Movement directions of scapula
Movement directions of scapula
Movement directions of scapula
Movement directions of scapula
Movement directions of scapula
Movement directions of scapula
What is the best posture ?

‘’The best posture is the neutral posture where the

spine pelvis and hip all the line up vertically’’

‫الموضع الطبيعي هو الوضع المحايد حيث يصطف حوض العمود الفقري والورك عمودًي‬
•In an ideal posture, the line of gravity should pass
through specific points of the body. This can simply be
observed or evaluated using a plumb line to assess the
midline of the body.
•This line should pass through the lobe of the ear, the
shoulder joint, the hip joint, though the greater
trochanter of the femur, then slightly anterior to the
midline of the knee joint and lastly anterior to the lateral
malleolus.
Translation is too long to be saved
‫ يمكن ببساطة مالحظة‬.‫ يجب أن يمر خط الجاذبية عبر نقاط معينة من الجسم‬، ‫في الوضع المثالي‬
‫ يجب أن يمر هذا الخط عبر شحمة‬.‫هذا أو تقييمه باستخدام خط راسيا لتقييم خط الوسط للجسم‬
‫ ثم إلى‬، ‫ على الرغم من المدور األكبر لعظم الفخذ‬، ‫ ومفصل الورك‬، ‫ ومفصل الكتف‬، ‫األذن‬
.‫األمام قليًال لخط الوسط لمفصل الركبة وأخيرًا أمام الكعب الجانبي‬
Uneven shoulder
Uneven hip
Knock knees
pronation and supination of foot
 Posture
syndrome
-is a condition that causes pain in
the upper, mid & lower back, neck
and shoulders. ‫هي حالة تسبب األلم في الجزء العلوي والوسطى‬
‫والسفلي من الظهر والرقبة والكتفين‬

-It is a condition that is caused by adopting

poor posture over a prolonged period of
time. This may occur in any position such
as standing or lying, but is particularly
common during sitting tytt
(e.g. at a computer, using a mobile phone, watching television or driving).
 Effects of Gravity and the Anti-gravity Muscles

With gravity endlessly weighing down on us, it’s a good thing that we
have antigravity muscles and stabilizers throughout our
musculoskeletal systems. These muscles work to support our joints
and bones so they stay properly aligned against the pressure.
‫ فمن الجيد أن لدينا عضالت مضادة للجاذبية‬، ‫نظ را ألن الجاذبية تثقل كاهلنا بال حدود‬
‫ تعمل هذه العضالت على دعم مفاصلنا‬.‫ومثبتات في جميع أنحاء أنظمتنا العضلية الهيكلية‬
Effects of Gravity and the Anti-gravity Muscles

Action of Anti-
gravity at gravity
the muscles

spine flexion Extensors

‫ر‬ Abduction-
Adduction-
extensors -
Hip flexion-inward
outward rotation
rotation

knee flex Extensors

ankle dorsiflexion Planter flexors

pronation Supination
tarsus
TYPES OF POSTURE SYNDROME
POSTURE & HEALTH
•Misalign your musculoskeletal system
‫•اختالل محاذاة الجهاز العضلي الهيكلي‬

Increase pressure on the spine, making it more prone to injury and •

degeneration
‫زيادة الضغط على العمود الفقري مما يجعله اكثر عرضة للتنكس واالصابة‬

Cause neck, shoulder, and back pain Decrease flexibility and affect how will joints move
‫يسبب االم في الرقبة والكتف والظهر ويقلل المرونة ويؤثر على كيفية حركة المفاصل‬
Affect balance and increase risk of falling
‫يؤثر على التوازن ويزيد من خطر السقوط‬

Make it harder to digest food Including breathing disorder and affect

surrounding structures including the heart and
‫يزيد من صعوبة هضم الطعام يسبب اضطراب التنفس ويؤثر على الهايكل المحيطية بما في ذالك القلب والعصب‬
‫الحاجي‬

In women it can lead to imbalance in the core muscle leading to incontinence

and/or pelvic organ prolapse
‫عند النساء يمكن ان يؤدي الى خلل في عضلة القلب مما يؤدي الى سلس البول‬
 Choose the correct photo

Sleeping
WRONG Walking
WRONG Jogging
WRONG Running
CORRECT
 PHYSIOTHERAPY AND
TREATMENT

‘a complementary topic is prepared to be

discussed as the 2nd graduation project’’