Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Lecture 03 - Chapter 5
Lecture 03 - Chapter 5
MM3422 @ Laurel 1
Content agenda
1. IT infrastructure and its evolution
2. Contemporary trends of hardware & software
platform
3. Management issues of IT infrastructure
MM3422 @ Laurel 2
IT infrastructure and its evolution
IT infrastructure is…
MM3422 @ Laurel 3
IT infrastructure and its evolution
Mainframe and minicomputer era (1959- 1st Platform
present)
3rd Platform
MM3422 @ Laurel 4
IT infrastructure and its evolution
Mainframe and minicomputer era (1959-
present)
MM3422 @ Laurel 5
IT infrastructure and its evolution
Personal computer era (1981-present)
MM3422 @ Laurel 6
IT infrastructure and its evolution
Client/server era (1983-present)
MM3422 @ Laurel 7
IT infrastructure and its evolution
Enterprise computing era (1992 to present)
PC,
Mobile
devices
,
Smaller
Mainfra
networks
mes…
MM3422 @ Laurel 8
IT infrastructure and its evolution
Cloud Computing (2000 to present)
MM3422 @ Laurel 9
IT infrastructure and its evolution
7 components of IT infrastructure
Getting familiar
with the
technologies and
vendor’s names…
MM3422 @ Laurel 10
Contemporary trends of
hardware
MM3422 @ Laurel 11
Contemporary trends of hardware
The emerging mobile digital platform
◦ Business computing is increasingly moving from PCs and desktops to mobile
devices, and managers are increasingly using these to coordinate work and
communicate with employees.
◦ Cell phones, smartphones
Have assumed data transmission, Web surfing, e-mail and IM duties
◦ Netbooks:
Small, low-cost lightweight notebooks optimized for
wireless communication and core computing tasks
◦ Tablets (iPad)
◦ Networked e-readers (Kindle)
MM3422 @ Laurel 12
Contemporary trends of hardware
Two new technology trends:
◦ The device mesh
refers to an expanding set of endpoints people use to access applications and
information or interact with people, social communities, governments and
businesses.
The device mesh includes mobile devices, wearable devices, consumer and
home electronic devices, automotive devices and environmental devices – such
as sensors in the Internet of Things (IoT).
MM3422 @ Laurel 13
Contemporary trends of hardware
Cloud computing
What is
cloud
computing?
MM3422 @ Laurel 14
Contemporary trends of hardware
Cloud computing for Individuals
Examples
?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ae_DKNwK_ms
MM3422 @ Laurel 15
Contemporary trends of hardware
Types of cloud computing:
◦ Based on service provided:
Software as a service (SaaS) – customers use software hosted by
the vendor on the vendor’s hardware and delivered over a
network. Users can access these applications remotely.
Platform as a service (PaaS) – customers use infrastructure and
programming tools hosted by the service provider to develop their
own applications
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) – customers use processing,
storage, networking, and other computing resources from cloud
service provider to run their own information systems.
MM3422 @ Laurel 16
Contemporary trends of hardware
Types of cloud computing:
Users: Number of providers:
• End users SaaS • Thousands of applications in
the cloud (CRM, ERP, Email)
• Application
PaaS
developers • Few cloud platforms
(Microsoft Azure)
• Infrastructure and IaaS
Network architects • Elite group of providers (AWS)
https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-
between-IaaS-SaaS-and-Paas
MM3422 @ Laurel 17
Contemporary trends of hardware
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QJncFirhjPg
SaaS
SaaS
PaaS
PaaS
IaaS IaaS
A web browser
and a stable
internet
MM3422 @ Laurel 18
Contemporary trends of hardware
Types of cloud computing
◦ Based on location
Public cloud: In Public cloud the computing infrastructure is hosted by the cloud
vendor at the vendor’s premises. The customer has no visibility and control over
where the computing infrastructure is hosted. The computing infrastructure is
shared between any organizations.
Hybrid cloud: A mixed-up usage of both private and public cloud. Organizations may
host critical applications on private clouds and applications with relatively less
security concerns on the public cloud.
MM3422 @ Laurel 19
Contemporary trends of hardware
Types of cloud computing
Differences between public, private and hybrid cloud
MM3422 @ Laurel 20
Contemporary trends of hardware
◦ The rise of cloud computing is changing the nature of the IT
industry – “A sea change in the way computing is performed in
the organization.”
MM3422 @ Laurel 21
Contemporary trends of hardware
Edge computing
A method of optimizing cloud computing systems by
performing some data processing on a set of linked servers at
the edge of the network, near the source of the data.
Brings computation and data storage closer to the location
where it is needed, to improve response times and save
bandwidth.
Useful for the context of sensors/IoT devices that do not need
to be constantly connected to the central cloud; good for real-
time big data analytics; and financial services that milliseconds
of delay cannot be tolerant.
MM3422 @ Laurel 22
Contemporary trends of
software
MM3422 @ Laurel 23
Contemporary trends of software
Linux and open-source software
◦ Open-source software:
Produced by a community of programmers, free and
modifiable by users. It permits users to study, change, improve
and at times also to distribute the software. E.g., Apache web
server.
MM3422 @ Laurel 24
Contemporary trends of software
Software sources:
Originally Now
Make Make
Purchase software
package
Buy
Outsourcing
MM3422 @ Laurel 25
Contemporary trends of software
IT Outsourcing and cloud services
Software outsourcing (domestic or offshore)
◦ Domestic:
Primarily for middleware, integration services, software support
◦ Offshore:
Primarily for lower level maintenance, data entry, call centers,
although outsourcing for new-program development is increasing
Software as a service SaaS (Cloud service)
Services for delivering and providing access to software
remotely as a web-based service.
SaaS providers: Google,
Microsoft, SAP, Oracle,
Saleforce.com, Amazon.
MM3422 @ Laurel 26
Contemporary trends of software
Amazon Web Services (AWS)
Computing Networking
Content
Analytics delivery
Amazon
Web Data
Services storage
Application
services
Database
Management
Deployment
MM3422 @ Laurel 27
Management issues
Dealing with platform and infrastructure change
◦ As firms shrink or grow, IT needs to be flexible and scalable
◦ Scalability:
Ability to expand to serve larger numbers of users without
breaking down… in face of launching new applications, MA,
change in business scale…
New challenges:
◦ For mobile computing and cloud computing
New policies and procedures to track, update, and control…
(management and security concerns)
New contractual agreements with remote vendors to detail
security, reliability, and disaster recovery plans...
MM3422 @ Laurel 28
Management issues
Making wise infrastructure investments What kind of
company is
◦ Amount to spend on IT is a complex question suitable for
Rent vs. buy, outsourcing “rent”?
MM3422 @ Laurel 29
Management issues
Competitive forces model for IT infrastructure investment
MM3422 @ Laurel 30
Closing words
Key Points Today
Evolution of IT infrastructure
Contemporary hardware and software trends (mobile and
cloud computing)
Management issues
Home reading case:
• Is BYOD Good for Business?
• Are Cars Becoming Big Brother on Wheels?