Notes

Either do task on slide 12 or slide 13 (and 14)

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Specification reference

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 31 March 2024

Lesson 16: How can we achieve a balance

between development and conservation in
cold environments?
Starter:
Consider the following questions:

• Which is more important: economic development or

conservation?

• Why do we need to achieve a balance between

development and conservation?
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 Today’s Objectives
To assess a range of strategies which can be used to
balance the needs of economic development and
conservation in cold environments, including:

• Use of technology

• Role of governments

• International agreements

• Conservation groups
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Introduction: development vs conservation
TASK: Use the knowledge you have gained in recent lessons (L13-15) to copy out
and fill in the table below. Think: social, economic, environmental.
Development of wilderness areas Protection of wilderness areas
Advantages

Problems

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Introduction: development vs conservation
TASK: Use the knowledge you have gained in recent lessons (L13-15)
to fill in the table below. Think: social, economic, environmental.
Development of wilderness areas
Advantages • More jobs for locals
• Multiplier effect: local economy
grows in many ways
• Government and country gains
money from tax to industries and
from products which are obtained
(gold / fish / oil, etc)
Problems • Most jobs are taken by temporary
economic migrants rather than
locals.
• Traditional cultures may be eroded /
destroyed.
• Areas can become polluted
• Local wildlife disturbed / destroyed
• Often more release of CO2 – impacts
on global warming
Protection of wilderness areas
• Native peoples’ traditional way of life is
left intact
• Animals and plant life are undisturbed:
pristine fragile environments remain
intact
• Planet-wide genetic diversity maintained
• Scenic beauty kept intact
• Potential for scientific research
maintained
• Native people do not benefit from
modern day advancements and
improvements in their standard of living
• Country does not access the resources
available in these areas.
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 Now we’ll explore our first strategy from today’s
objectives...
To assess a range of strategies which can be used to
balance the needs of economic development and
conservation in cold environments, including:

• Use of technology

• Role of governments

• International agreements

• Conservation groups
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 Use of technology
Note: We have already covered several benefits to the
environment of the use of technology when considering
solutions to the challenges of building in cold environments.
Use your L14 worksheet to identify a few of these:
Examples
• Triple-glazed windows stop heat escaping to surrounding
environment
• Building on stilts means permafrost underneath does not melt
• Airport runways painted white to reflect sunlight and stop
them warming up compared to surrounding landscape
• Parts of Trans-Alaskan pipeline built 10 feet above ground, or
underneath ground, to allow caribou to migrate underneath it.
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How ICT helping wilderness communities?
What benefits do you think recent developments in
technology (e.g. wireless radio, satellite mobile phones,
satellite internet links) have brought to wilderness
communities and encouraged young people to stay?
• Internet access has transformed availability of information in
these areas even more than it has in our own society.
• Video conferencing is transforming education and health
services.
• Children in remote Inuit communities can be taught by
teachers anywhere around the world. Students can complete
degrees remotely online, e.g. from University of Alaska.
• Globalisation is being brought to the world’s remotest places.
(n.b. In some of these areas post may still only arrive once per
week) 9
How ICT helping wilderness communities?
TASK

Read the information on your handout to review the

impact of ICT on wilderness communities

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 Today’s Objectives
To assess a range of strategies which can be used to
balance the needs of economic development and
conservation in cold environments, including:

• Use of technology

• Role of governments
We’ll be
focusing on
• International agreements examples
from the
Arctic
• Conservation groups
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Management strategies at different scales

TASK: Read the information on your handout, ‘Managing

cold environments’ . Create a key and use 2 colours to
highlight it to outline strengths and weaknesses of each of
the different strategies.

TASK: Write half a side of A4 to compare the different

management approaches used by the Arctic Council,
national governments and Greenpeace. Include in your
comparison the strengths and weaknesses of each
approach.

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Management strategies at different scales
TASK 1: Read the information on your handout, ‘Managing cold environments’.

TASK 2: Answer the following questions on lined paper:

1a, Why are international agreements so important in order to protect the Arctic?
1b, Give one example of an international agreement and state the success it has
had

2, Why can it be difficult for national governments to manage their territories?

Give examples from the situation in Alaska to illustrate your points

3, The conservation group Greenpeace want to make the Arctic a ‘global

sanctuary’. What are the pros and cons of this idea? Name examples of groups
who would be for and against it
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Clue to help you with Q1

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National governments: differing views
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR):
• The most biologically diverse Arctic region of the world
• There is potential for an area of ANWR, Area 1002, to be
opened up for oil and gas exploration. The area has never
been designated as a wilderness area; it was set aside by
the US congress in 1980 as a potential source of domestic
oil
• If oil was extracted it
would be piped along
the Trans Alaskan
pipeline

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National governments: differing views
TASK: Different US governments have had very different
opinions on what should happen to Area 1002. Watch the
2 videos. Which president do you think had the right view?

Obama, 2015:
George Bush, 2008: https://
http:// www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2015/01/2
www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgAPptt3B 5/president-obama-calls-congress-prot
oY ect-arctic-refuge-wilderness
0:00-2.40

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National governments: differing views
What is Donald Trump’s view?

http://fortune.com/2017/09/15/donald-trump-big-oil-alask
a-arctic-wildlife-refuge
/

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 Today’s Objectives
To assess a range of strategies which can be used to
balance the needs of economic development and
conservation in cold environments, including:

• Use of technology

• Role of governments

• International agreements

• Conservation groups
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Review of Learning
The class will be divided into 4 groups. Within each group,
students will work in pairs or 3s.
Each pair or 3 will plan the answer to one of the 9 mark
questions on the next slide.
Points to include in plan:
• What key points would you include? (i.e. PEE paragraphs)
• What case study information would you use to back up
each point?
• How would you assess or evaluate each PEE point? i.e.
which is most important and least important and why?
• What would be your overall conclusion?
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 Review of Learning
1. Using a case study, assess how different strategies can
help reduce environmental damage in cold environments. [9
marks]

2. To what extent is there conflict between development and

conservation in a named cold environment? [9 marks]

3. Discuss how balance may be found between conservation

and development in a named cold environment. [9 marks]

4. Evaluate the benefits of conservation versus development

in a named cold environment. [9 marks]
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Further reading…

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 Homework

Revise for end of topic test.

You should have the copy of the specification

printed out for this topic and the glossary.

As you revise tick off the parts of the specification

you have covered.

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