Mitosis

Definition
• Mitosis is the cell division in which number of chromosome remain
same as in parent cell
• The parent cell eventually divides into two identical daughter cells
• Occurs in somatic cells
• Number of chromosome remains same
Stages of mitosis
• Karyokineases nuclear division( includes PMAT later discussed)
• Cytokineases cell or cytoplasmic division
Basic structures involved in mitosis
• centrosomes:The centrosome is located in the cytoplasm usually close to the
nucleus. It consists of two centrioles — oriented at right angles to each other —
which is made up of microtubule proteins
• It is also known as major microtubule organizing centre MTOC
• ASTRAL MICROTUBULE:radiate towards cell membrane
• SPINDLE MICROTUBULE
1POLAR:connect to polar microtubule from other centrosome
2KINETOCHORE: attach to kinetochore protein on chromosomes
PROPHASE METAPHASE ANAPHASE TELOPHASE

• chromosomes condense • The Centrioles complete • Spindles attached to • The chromosomes

becomes visible their migration to the kinetochores begin to decondense
• centrioles form and move poles shorten,exerts a force on • The nuclear envelope
toward opposite ends of • The chromosomes line up sister chromatids that forms
the cell ("the poles") in the middle of the cell pulls them apart. • Mitotic apparatus
• nuclear membrane ("the equator") • This ensures that each dissolves
dissolves (lamin, histone daughter cell gets identical
nuclear proteins get sets of chromosomes.
phosphrolyrated, protease
enzyme activated ,
nucleus membrane
dissolves)
• mitotic spindle forms and • Spindle microtubule is • Motor proteins
attach to each sister involved like( kinesis dynesis) move
chromatid at the • Forms metaphase plate or towards MTOC
kinetochore equatorial plate • A contractile ring starts to
form
• Cytokinesis is the sixth and final step of mitosis. In cytokinesis,
• Animal cells: a cleavage furrow separates the daughter cells
• Plant cells: a cell plate separates the daughter cells