Our Team

Researcher/PPT creator Presenter

 Group 7
Typical and Atypical
Development and Characteristic
of Learners with Exceptionalities

A. Typical and atypical

growth and
development
 Objectives
This chapter intends to help you develop the
competencies following

●Identify typical and atypical milestones in the various

stages of child development; and

●Differentiate typical and atypical development of children

in various stages of their development
 Introduction
Have you ever wondered how children develop?
Maybe at one time you have compared your
development with the sibling or cousin of yours.

Children do not grow at the same rate at the same time.

Knowing their capabilities can help you better as their
teacher. Find out more about their development as this
chapter focuses on the typical and atypical development
among children from infancy to adolescence.
Children Development and Its Importance

•
To ensure that a child meets his/her development
milestones, it is crucial to observe and monitor his/her
development. For others, checking the milestones can help
detect any difficulties at a particular stage.

•Intervention can then be given which can help in the

development of a child. Usually, it is the parents, teachers,
and pediatricians who use the checklists.
 Typical and Atypical Development
•
The development of a child usually follows a
predictable pattern There are certain skills and abilities that
are observed to gauge a child's development are called
developmental milestones Examples of these sitting.
babbling, and following directions. However, each child is
unique. With this, not all reach a milestone at the same
time, thus the terms typical and atypical development
 Typical and Atypical Development
•
The term typical development refers to the normal
progression where children grow by acquiring knowledge,
skills, and behavior called developmental milestones at a
certain time frame.

•Atypical development is a term used when development

does not follow the normal course. More so, a child is
developing atypically when he/she reaches a milestone
earlier or later than other children his/her age.
 There is no clear way to identify if a
child is developing typically or
atypically.
However, there are three commonly
accepted principles of child
development that one should look into.

Rate of development Development occurs Development

differs among in a relatively takes place
children orderly process gradually
 Domains of Development
●The developmental milestones are categorized into four
domain namely, physical, social and emotional, language, and
cognitive. changes such as size and strength. The development occurs
in both gross and if motor skills.

●The development at the senses and their uses are also part of
the physical domain Which is influenced by illness and nutrition. A
child's experience, expression, and management of emotions along
with the ability to establish positive relationships with others refer to
the social- emotional domain. This includes both the intrapersonal and
interpersonal processes that take place in a child.
 Domains of Development

● The language domain refers to the process of acquiring language in

consistent order the need for explicit teaching from
without
environment Construction the of thought whichprocess
remembering, problem solving and decision includesto
refers
cognitive making the
domain.
 Stages in Child Development

● Stages, along with age

are used as ranges to The stages are as follows:
mark significant A. Infancy (birth to 2 years)
periods in a human B. Early Childhood (3 to
development timeline. 8 years)
In each stage, C. Middle Childhood (9 to
growth and development 11 years)
occur in the four
D. Adolescence (12 to
domains mentioned
18 years)
above.
Typical t Atypical Development During Infancy
Typical and Atypical Development During Early Childhood
 Typical and Atypical Development During Middle Childhood
Middle Childhood (9 to 11 years) is a stage that brings various changes in a child's life.
Independence is a characteristic that children in this stage asserts. Developing friendships is
another milestone that is evident. In stage, children should be given tasks to develop their sense
of responsibility to further their growing independence.
Adolescence (12 to 18 years) is the period where puberty begins. By the end of this stage, most
will have completed puberty. The child is now called a teen during this stage. The teen is
becoming more vocal about his/her opinions due to the development of a unique personality.
Peer pressure, however, will be present, which is why guidance from parents and guardians is
very much needed.
 Behaviors that are atypical should be
observed keenly and recorded carefully.
At times, the recorded observations
might just be isolated events with no
significant impact on later development.
However, they might also be early
warning signs of needs. The observed
patterns will be useful to confirm if
there is such a need.