PRACTICAL RESEARCH I

JOVY ANN B. DUEÑAS

SUBJECT TEACHER
SPOT THE DIFFERENCE!
SET 1

A B
SET 2
A
Beckett, S. T. (2018). The science of chocolate (2 nd ed.). Royal Society
of Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1039/657896986545234

B
Beckett, Suga Tzi. (2018). The Science of Chocolate (2 nd ed.). Royal
society of chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1039/657896986545234
Citations and References
 OBJECTIVES
1. Explain what are citations and referencing.
2. Create an in-text citation and reference list
based on sample sources using the APA style.
3. Demonstrate appreciation of the topic by
expressing the importance of citing one’s
work.
 Why use
Citations and References?
These are used, specifically, to:

1. Direct readers to the exact source

where the information was retrieved.
2. To give acknowledgement to the owner
of the idea or information.
 APA Style
Citation and Referencing
What is APA Style?

● APA = American Psychological Association

● Based on the APA Publication Manual
● The 7th edition is the latest, published in 2019
● Used widely, especially in the social sciences
● Provides guidelines for language, formatting, and citations
APA Format Guidelines
In-text Citations
Two Basic in-text citation format

Parenthetical citation
It is important to avoid plagiarism in academic writing (Smith, 2020).

Narrative citation
Smith (2020) states that it is important to avoid plagiarism in academic
writing.
Multiple Authors

Resource Parenthetical Citation Narrative Citation

1 author (Smith, 2020) Smith (2020)

2 authors (Smith & Jones, 2020) Smith and Jones (2020)

3+ authors (Smith et al., 2020) Smith et al. (2020)

First time: Succeeding times:

Garcia, Molina, and Cruz (2020) Garcia et al. (2020)

(Garcia, Molina, & Cruz, 2020) (Garcia et al., 2020)
Missing Information?
Missing Information

No author (Scribbr, 2020)

(“Statistical analysis,” 2020)

No date (Smith, n.d.)

No page numbers (Smith, 2020, para. 10)

Multiple Citations
needed to be
combined?
Combining Citations

X (Smith, 2020) (Jones, 2015) (McCombes et al.,

2017)

✓ (Jones, 2015; McCombes et al., 2017; Smith, 2020)

In combining multiple sources just

use semi-colon (;).
References
 Sample Sources
Page on a website Interview you
conducted
Book used as
background reading Chapter from a book
that you cited
PowerPoint slides
from a Lecture Email from an expert

Article from an
Facebook status
academic journal
 ✓ Reference required X No reference required ? It depends…

Page on a website Interview you Facebook status

conducted
Book Lecture slides
Email
Article from an
academic journal Background
reading
 How to make a
Reference in APA Style?
Components of a Reference Entry

1.Author
2.Date
3.Title
4.Source
 AUTHOR component
One author Anderson, B.

Multiple authors Andreff, W., Staudohar, P. D., & LaBrode, M.

up to 20 authors can be listed…
Corporate author Scribbr.

With username Obama, B. [@BarackObama].

With specific role Scott, R. (Director).

 The DATE component
Year only (books and journals) (2020).

Full date (web pages, (2020, November 20).

newspapers, online videos)
No publication date available (n.d.).

Retrieval date for online sources Retrieved December 3, 2020, from

that are continually updated …
Date of the source must be 10 years back.
 The TITLE component

Italics for standalone Statistical methods for psychology.

sources (books, films)
Plain text for sources The evolving European model of sports
within sources (articles, finance.
chapters, web pages)
Square brackets to [Photograph of a wren].
describe untitled
sources
 The SOURCE component

Book publisher Verso.

Journal issue Journal of Sports Economics, 1(3), 257–276.

https://doi.org./10.1177/15270025000010030
4
Website BBC News.
https://www.bbc.com/news/health-54531075
Physical location Museo delAPrado,
DOI Madrid,
is a digital object identifier;
Spain.
it’s a very stable link to an online
resource.
The full reference entry
AUTHOR DATE TITLE PUBLISHER

Anderson, B. (1983). Imagined communities: Reflections on the origins and

spread of nationalism. Verso.

Andreff, W., & Staudohar, P. D. (2000). The evolving European model of

professional sports finance. Journal of Sports Economics, 1(3),
257–276. https://doi.org./10.1177/152700250000100304
Activity 1:
Cite!
TRY IT!
Cite!
Cite!
 In-text Citation
Identify the… Reference
Parenthetical Narrative

Author:
Date:
Title:
Source:
Guide questions:
● How did you identify your in-text citation?
● How did you construct your reference?
● What should one consider in citing sources?
 Rubrics

a. Accuracy in locating in-text citations. 10 pts.

b. Accuracy in constructing a reference entry. 10 pts.

c. Elaborate and concise answers to guide questions. 15 pts.

d. Organization and neatness of work. 5 pts.

Total 40 pts.
Think about this…
● A researcher or any individual failed to cite or
acknowledge the true owner of an idea or
information. Did they commit any offense?
 PLAGIARISM
Republic Act No. 8293
An Act Prescribing the Intellectual Property
Code and Establishing The Intellectual
Property Office.
G
● What is the importance of citing one’s own
work?
● What are the two types of in-text citation?
● What are the components of a reference
entry?
COMPLETE THE TABLE: Given the following sources, create an
in-text citation and reference in APA Format.
In-text Citation
Sources Reference
Parenthetical Narrative

Author: Jimin Park

Date: 2020
Title: The Life of an Idol
Source: Bangtan Sonyeodan

Author: no author
Date: 2020
Title: How to Train a Dragon
Source: dispatch.com

Author: Maria Lapuz, Plaridel Melchor and

Cindy Lim
Date: no date
Title: The Bridge to Terabithia
Source: Journal of Arts and Psychology.
Recommended
resources
Free Scribbr resources
● Knowledge Base (300+ articles)
● Citation Generator

● YouTube Channel

Other resources
● Buy the APA Manual

● Check out the APA Style Blog

Additional Activity
Research about COViD-19. Synthesize the
information you gathered and put citations in APA Style.
Also, provide references in APA format.
END. OU!
THANK Y as
Jovy Ann
Du en
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