University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Introductory Statistics
STAT-302
Testing of Hypothesis for 2
Population Means
Testing of hypothesis about
Step-I =
(Hypothesis)

Step-II Level of Significance α = 5%

Step- III where

(Test
Statistic)

Step-IV calculations from the samples and obtaining value of t

Step-V or

Step-VI Have you rejected the or not. Integrate your conclusion with your problem.
Example
The strength of ropes made out of Solution:
cotton yarn and coir gave on the Step-1
following measurements

Cotton 7.5 5.8 10.6 9.0 6.1

Coir 8.3 6.3 9.6 10.4 6.4
Step-2
Test whether there is a significant Step-3
difference in the strength of the two
types of ropes at 5% level of where 2 ∑ ( 𝑋 1 − 𝑋 1 ) +¿ ∑ ( 𝑋 2 − 𝑋 2 )
2 2

𝑠 = ¿
significance. Assume population 𝑝
𝑛 1+ 𝑛2 − 2
variances are equal.
Step-4
Calculations
 Solution:
Calculations
Step-5
X1 X2 Reject if
7.5 8.3 -0.3 0.09 0.1 0.01 or
5.8 6.3 -2.0 4.00 -1.9 3.61 or
10.6 9.6 2.8 7.84 1.4 1.96
9.0 10.4 1.2 1.44 2.2 4.84 or
6.1 6.4 -1.7 2.89 -1.8 3.24
39.0 41.0 0.0 16.26 0.0 13.66 Step-6
𝑿 𝟏=𝟕 .𝟖 𝑿 𝟐=𝟖 .𝟐 Since the Calculated value of t did not fall
in rejection region i.e., the sample did not
𝟐
𝒔 =
∑ ( 𝑋 1 − 𝑋 1 )
2
+ ¿ ∑ ( 𝑋 2 − 𝑋 2 )
2

=
16.26+13.66
=𝟑 .𝟕𝟒 ¿
provide evidence at 5% level of
𝒑
𝑛1 +𝑛2 −2 5+5 − 2 significance to reject the null hypothesis .
( 𝑋 1 − 𝑋 2) −( 𝜇1 − 𝜇 2) (7.8 − 8.2)− 0 Therefore we will conclude that the
𝒕= = =− 𝟎 .𝟑𝟑
strength of ropes made out of cotton yarn
√ 𝑠 2𝑝 (
1 1
+ )
𝑛1 𝑛 2 √ 1 1
3.74 ( + )
5 5 and coir gave the same strength.
Example 2
The average marks of 20 Students in Solution:
Stat-302 of Section-A are 50 with a Step-1
standard deviation 2 and the average
marks of 15 Students in Stat-302 of
Section-B are 47 with a standard
deviation 3. On the basis of above
sample information can we conclude Step-2
that students of Section-A perform Step-3
better than the students of Section-B.
(Assume Population variances are
equal) Use 5% level of significance. where 2
𝑠 =
∑ ( 𝑋 1 − 𝑋 1 ) +¿ ∑ ( 𝑋 2 − 𝑋 2 )
2 2

¿
𝑝
𝑛 1+ 𝑛2 − 2

Step-4
Calculations
 Solution:
Calculations
Step-5
Reject if
𝒏𝟏=𝟐𝟎 𝒏𝟐=𝟏𝟓
𝑿 𝟏=𝟓𝟎 𝑿 𝟐=𝟒𝟕

2
𝟐 2 (𝑛¿ ¿ 2∗ 𝑠 2 ) 80 +13 5
𝒔 𝒑 =(𝑛¿ ¿ 1∗ 𝑠1 )+ = =𝟔 . 𝟓𝟐 ¿ ¿
𝑛1 +𝑛2 −2 20 +15 − 2 Step-6
Since the Calculated value of t is greater
than the table value i.e., the sample
( 𝑋 1 − 𝑋 2) −( 𝜇1 − 𝜇 2) (50 − 47) −0 provides enough evidence against null
𝒕= = =𝟑 .𝟒𝟒

√ 𝑠 2𝑝 (
1 1
+ )
𝑛1 𝑛 2 √ 6.52(
1
+
1
20 1 5
) hypothesis at 5% level of significance.
Therefore we will reject .
We will further conclude that the
Section-A performed better than Section-
B at 5% level of significance.
PERCENTAGE POINT OF STUDENT'S t-DISTRIBUTION

Alpha
d.f. 0.250 0.100 0.050 0.025 0.0125 0.005
1 1.000 3.078 6.314 12.706 31.821 63.657
2 0.816 1.886 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.925
3 0.765 1.638 2.353 3.182 4.541 5.841
4 0.741 1.533 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604
5 0.727 1.476 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032
6 0.718 1.440 1.943 2.447 3.143 3.707
7 0.711 1.415 1.895 2.365 2.998 3.499
8 0.706 1.397 1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355
9 0.703 1.383 1.833 2.262 2.821 3.250
10 0.700 1.372 1.812 2.228 2.764 3.169
11 0.697 1.363 1.796 2.201 2.718 3.106
12 0.695 1.356 1.782 2.179 2.681 3.055
13 0.694 1.350 1.771 2.160 2.650 3.012
14 0.692 1.345 1.761 2.145 2.624 2.977
15 0.691 1.341 1.753 2.131 2.602 2.947
16 0.690 1.337 1.746 2.120 2.583 2.921
17 0.689 1.333 1.740 2.110 2.567 2.898
7
18 0.688 1.330 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.878