Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Database
Database
Database
• Data
• A necessity for almost any enterprise to carry out
its business. Consists of raw facts, and when
organized may be transformed into information
• Database
• A collection of data organized to meet users’ needs
• Database is a collection of related data and its data
organized in a structured format for optimized
information management.
3 DATABASE
• Example:
• Record of students stored in files
• Information stored over internet
• Phone book is a database of names, addresses and
phones.
• Database management system (DBMS)
• A group of programs that manipulate the database
and provide an interface between the database and
the user of the database or other application
programs
4 DBMS
requests all records in which the NAME field is SMITH and the AGE field is
greater than 35.
6 DBMS
• Database System
• is an integrated system of hardware, software,
people, procedures, and data
• that define and regulate the collection,
storage, management, and use of data within a
database environment
8 TERMINOLOGY
• Character
• Basic building block of information, represented by a byte
• Field
• A group of characters
• Record
• A collection of related fields
• File
• A collection of related records
• Database
• A collection of integrated and related files
DATA ENTITIES, ATTRIBUTES, AND
KEYS
9
• Entity
• A generalized class of people, places, or things (objects) for
which data are collected, stored, and maintained
• E.g., Customer, Employee
• Attribute
• A characteristic of an entity; something the entity is identified by
• E.g., Customer name, Employee name
• Keys
• A field or set of fields in a record that is used to identify the
record
• E.g, A field or set of fields that uniquely identifies the record
10 KEYS AND ATTRIBUTES
• Importance of Database
• Defines the database’s expected use
• different approach needed for different types of databases
• Avoid data redundancy & ensure data integrity
• data is accurate and verifiable
• Poorly designed database generates errors
• leads to bad decisions
14 FUNCTIONS OF DBMS/DATABASE
SYSTEM
• Data redundancy
• Duplication of data in separate files
• Program-data dependence
• A situation in which program and data organized for
one application are incompatible with programs and
data organized differently for another application
17 DATABASE APPROACH
• Relational database
• All data elements are placed in two-dimensional tables,
called relations, that are the logical equivalent of files
• Allow the user to work with several database files at
the same time and share information across the file.
23
Data Table 1: Project Table Data Table 2: Department Table
Project Number Description Dept. Number Dept. Number Dept. Name Manager SSN
• Flat-file DB:
• Allows the user to create many database but lets them
work with only one file at a time
• E.g. one can create simple applications such as mailing
list database and personal file.
26 POPULAR DATABASE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
FOR END USERS
• Microsoft Access
• Lotus Approach
• Inprise (formerly Borland) dBAS
• SQL