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Light

Energy that travels in rays.

Some of these rays can be seen, called visible light.

Some of these rays cannot be seen, but we can feel their effect on us.

We can’t see ultraviolet rays, but they burn our skin when we are
outside in the Sun without sunscreen.

We can’t see infrared rays, but we can feel how hot they are on
our skin.
 Light
Without Vitamin D
our bodies can’t
Your body needs absorb calcium and
sunlight to make our bones can’t
Vitamin D in your grow and get strong.
skin.

Light comes
from a light Anything that
source. produces light is
called a source of
light.
 Light

• The Sun is a source of light.

• Stars are sources of light.
• Fire is a source of light.
• A candle is a source of light.
• An electric bulb is a source of light.
 Did you know?

The Moon may seem like a source of light,

but it doesn’t provide light like the Sun. It
reflects the light from the Sun.
Heat
• Do you enjoy feeling the warmth from the
Sun on your skin?

• Do you like warming your hands on a

cold morning in front of a fire?

• Heat is what you’re feeling.

• The Sun provides us with light, but it also

provides us with heat.

• Heat can be found in many different

places.

• Anything that provides us with heat is a

source of heat.
Movement
When objects are moving, it means they have movement.

The faster the object is moving, the more movement it has.

Sound
• Sound is everywhere.

• Sound is a special type of movement.

• It’s energy that makes substances vibrate.

• Sound travels as vibrations that we can hear and sometimes feel.

• All sounds are caused by vibration of substances.

• Sound can come from different sources.

• You can sing, clap your hands, play a

musical instrument or talk.

• Different vibrations make different

sounds.
 Transfer of Energy

• Energy can also be moved from one part of a

system to another part.
• We use electricity every day in our modern lives.
• Electrical energy can be transferred from a source
to an appliance or light bulb.
 Transfer of Energy

Think of a flashlight. How does the bulb light up in the flashlight? The
batteries are the source of energy in the flashlight.

When the flashlight is turned on, the energy is transferred from the batteries to
the bulb to make it light up. Thus you can see in the dark.

The energy in the batteries of the flashlight is the input energy and the light
energy that is given off by the bulb is the output energy.
Input and Output Energy

When anything
happens, energy is People, machines
transferred from one and appliances
component into need an energy
another. input to be able to
work.

They also have an

energy output that
might be useful.
Input and Output Energy
Let’s look at an example:

A girl is running a race. She needs energy from somewhere. Her input energy is
the chemical energy from the food that she ate. By running the race, she is
putting out energy in the form of movement energy and heat.

Chemical Movement
energy and heat
energy
Machines and Appliances

We use lots of appliances everyday.

These machines and appliances need input energy to make

them work.

This is usually electrical energy.

The output energy is something that is useful to us.

Let’s Summarise
In appliances and machines, the input is normally electrical
energy and the output depends on the appliance:

Heat energy - Sound energy -

from a geyser, from a drill,
stove, kettle, hair vacuum cleaner,
dryer hair dryer

Light energy - Movement -

from a lamp, from an electric
torch fan, drill